Eimeria maxima (Apicomplexa): a comparison of sporozoite transport in naive and immune chickens.

This study compared the early stages of infection in naive and immune chickens infected with Eimeria maxima. An immunoperoxidase stain was developed and used to detect sporozoites and early schizonts in tissue sections of intestinal epithelium. A significantly higher proportion of sporozoites was present in the crypts of naive chickens, 48 hr postinoculation of oocysts, compared to immune chickens. Sporozoites in immune birds tended to remain in the lamina propria rather than migrate to the crypts. Sporozoites were found within intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL's) in the epithelium, the lamina propria, and the crypts of both naive and immune chickens. Parasites in IEL's of immune birds at the ultrastructural level and there were no apparent morphological abnormalities. Livers and spleens, of both immune and naive chickens that had been inoculated with Eimeria maxima, produced patent infections when fed to susceptible chickens. Infections could be transferred up to 72 hr post-inoculation of the donor birds. Peak oocyst production in the recipient birds occurred 7-8 days after the transfers. This time period approximates the prepatent period in a natural infection and thus implies that the extraintestinal stage was a sporozoite.