Acute hydrofluoric acid exposure.

Significant local and systemic toxicity may occur from hydrofluoric acid by all routes of exposure. Prompt decontamination by removal from the source and copious irrigation of eyes and skin are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. Ingestion of small amounts of HF can lead to rapid systemic poisoning and death. Calcium gluconate therapy has become the preferred method of detoxifying the fluoride ion, although its efficacy is based mainly on anecdotal reports and poorly controlled clinical studies. Therefore, more basic research is needed to elucidate the pathophysiology of local toxicity and the best therapeutic modalities to limit injury. All significant exposures should be evaluated by health care personnel familiar with the potential toxicity of this compound.