Hardware Design and Fault-Tolerant Synthesis for Digital Acoustofluidic Biochips.

A digital microfluidic biochip (DMB) is an attractive platform for automating laboratory procedures in microbiology. To overcome the problem of cross-contamination due to fouling of the electrode surface in traditional DMBs, a contactless liquid-handling biochip technology, referred to as acoustofluidics, has recently been proposed. A major challenge in operating this platform is the need for a control signal of frequency 24 MHz and voltage range ±10/±20 V to activate the IDT units in the biochip. In this paper, we present a hardware design that can efficiently activate/de-activated each IDT, and can fully automate an bio-protocol. We also present a fault-tolerant synthesis technique that allows us to automatically map biomolecular protocols to acoustofluidic biochips. We develop and experimentally validate a velocity model, and use it to guide co-optimization for operation scheduling, module placement, and droplet routing in the presence of IDT faults. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed synthesis method. Our results are expected to open new research directions on design automation of digital acoustofluidic biochips.