Herbivore Impacts on Carbon Cycling in Boreal Forests.

Large herbivores can have substantial effects on carbon (C) cycling, yet these animals are often overlooked in C budgets. Zoogeochemical effects may be particularly important in boreal forests, where diverse human activities are facilitating the expansion of large herbivore populations. Here, we argue that considering trophic dynamics is necessary to understand spatiotemporal variability in boreal forest C budgets. We propose a research agenda to scale local studies to landscape extents to measure the zoogeochemical impacts of large herbivores on boreal forest C cycling. Distributed networks of exclosure experiments, empirical studies across gradients in large herbivore abundance, multiscale models using herbivore distribution data, and remote sensing paired with empirical data will provide comprehensive accounting of C source-sink dynamics in boreal forests.