Arianna Pani1,2, Daniele Pastori3, Michele Senatore1,2, Alessandra Romandini1,2, Giulia Colombo4, Francesca Agnelli5, Francesco Scaglione1,2, Fabrizio Colombo5. 1. Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. 2. Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy. 3. Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. 4. Internal Medicine Department, Policlinico Maggiore Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy. 5. Internal Medicine Department, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Clinical and pharmacological characteristics of elderly patients hospitalized for bleeding and in-hospital mortality according to bleeding type are barely described. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of 13,496 consecutive patients admitted to internal medicine wards. Clinical characteristics, comorbidities and pharmacological treatments were collected for each patient. Predictors of in-hospital mortality were investigated. RESULTS: Overall, 531 (3.9%) patients were admitted for bleeding: 189 clinically relevant non-major bleeding, 106 cerebral and 236 major non-cerebral (95.8% gastrointestinal (GI)). Among 106 cerebral bleedings, 28.3% and 24.5% were typical and atypical intracranial, respectively, and 47.2% were subdural haemorrhages. Most of patients with GI bleeding presented with anaemia (90.7%). A similar rate of GI bleeding was found in aspirin-treated patients taking or not proton pump inhibitors (PPI). In-hospital mortality was 9.98%. Age ≥80 years (odds ratio (OR) 2.513, p=.005), cerebral bleeding (OR 5.373, p<.001), eGFR <30 ml/min/m2 (OR 2.388, p=.035) and COPD (OR 2.362, p=.024) were positively associated with mortality, while ACE inhibitors/ARBs use was negatively associated (OR 0.383, p=.028). CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent type of major haemorrhage was GI bleeding, which was not modified by the use of PPI in patients taking aspirin. Cerebral bleeding increased all-cause death, which was lower in ACE inhibitors/ARBs users. KEY MESSAGE Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding was the most common reason for hospital admission. The rate of GI bleeding was similar in patients on aspirin using or not PPI. Cerebral bleeding increased in-hospital mortality, which was lower in patients taking ACE inhibitors/ARBs.
INTRODUCTION: Clinical and pharmacological characteristics of elderly patients hospitalized for bleeding and in-hospital mortality according to bleeding type are barely described. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of 13,496 consecutive patients admitted to internal medicine wards. Clinical characteristics, comorbidities and pharmacological treatments were collected for each patient. Predictors of in-hospital mortality were investigated. RESULTS: Overall, 531 (3.9%) patients were admitted for bleeding: 189 clinically relevant non-major bleeding, 106 cerebral and 236 major non-cerebral (95.8% gastrointestinal (GI)). Among 106 cerebral bleedings, 28.3% and 24.5% were typical and atypical intracranial, respectively, and 47.2% were subdural haemorrhages. Most of patients with GI bleeding presented with anaemia (90.7%). A similar rate of GI bleeding was found in aspirin-treated patients taking or not proton pump inhibitors (PPI). In-hospital mortality was 9.98%. Age ≥80 years (odds ratio (OR) 2.513, p=.005), cerebral bleeding (OR 5.373, p<.001), eGFR <30 ml/min/m2 (OR 2.388, p=.035) and COPD (OR 2.362, p=.024) were positively associated with mortality, while ACE inhibitors/ARBs use was negatively associated (OR 0.383, p=.028). CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent type of major haemorrhage was GI bleeding, which was not modified by the use of PPI in patients taking aspirin. Cerebral bleeding increased all-cause death, which was lower in ACE inhibitors/ARBs users. KEY MESSAGE Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding was the most common reason for hospital admission. The rate of GI bleeding was similar in patients on aspirin using or not PPI. Cerebral bleeding increased in-hospital mortality, which was lower in patients taking ACE inhibitors/ARBs.
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