Katie L Whytock1, Sam O Shepherd1, Matt Cocks1, Anton J M Wagenmakers1, Juliette A Strauss2. 1. Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK. 2. Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK. j.a.strauss@ljmu.ac.uk.
Abstract
PURPOSE: High-fat, high-calorie (HFHC) diets have been used as a model to investigate lipid-induced insulin resistance. Short-term HFHC diets reduce insulin sensitivity in young healthy males, but to date, no study has directly compared males and females to elucidate sex-specific differences in the effects of a HFHC diet on functional metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: Eleven males (24 ± 4 years; BMI 23 ± 2 kg.m-2; V̇O2 peak 62.3 ± 8.7 ml.min-1.kg-1FFM) were matched to 10 females (25 ± 4 years; BMI 23 ± 2 kg.m-2; V̇O2 peak 58.2 ± 8.2 ml.min-1.kg-1FFM). Insulin sensitivity, measured via oral glucose tolerance test, metabolic flexibility, arterial stiffness, body composition and blood lipids and liver enzymes were measured before and after 7 days of a high-fat (65% energy) high-calorie (+ 50% kcal) diet. RESULTS: The HFHC diet did not change measures of insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility or arterial stiffness in either sex. There was a trend towards increased total body fat mass (kg) after the HFHC diet (+ 1.8% and + 2.3% for males and females, respectively; P = 0.056). In contrast to females, males had a significant increase in trunk to leg fat mass ratio (+ 5.1%; P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Lean, healthy young males and females appear to be protected from the negative cardio-metabolic effects of a 7-day HFHC diet. Future research should use a prolonged positive energy balance achieved via increased energy intake and reduced energy expenditure to exacerbate negative metabolic and cardiovascular functional outcomes to determine whether sex-specific differences exist under more metabolically challenging conditions.
PURPOSE: High-fat, high-calorie (HFHC) diets have been used as a model to investigate lipid-induced insulin resistance. Short-term HFHC diets reduce insulin sensitivity in young healthy males, but to date, no study has directly compared males and females to elucidate sex-specific differences in the effects of a HFHC diet on functional metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: Eleven males (24 ± 4 years; BMI 23 ± 2 kg.m-2; V̇O2 peak 62.3 ± 8.7 ml.min-1.kg-1FFM) were matched to 10 females (25 ± 4 years; BMI 23 ± 2 kg.m-2; V̇O2 peak 58.2 ± 8.2 ml.min-1.kg-1FFM). Insulin sensitivity, measured via oral glucose tolerance test, metabolic flexibility, arterial stiffness, body composition and blood lipids and liver enzymes were measured before and after 7 days of a high-fat (65% energy) high-calorie (+ 50% kcal) diet. RESULTS: The HFHC diet did not change measures of insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility or arterial stiffness in either sex. There was a trend towards increased total body fat mass (kg) after the HFHC diet (+ 1.8% and + 2.3% for males and females, respectively; P = 0.056). In contrast to females, males had a significant increase in trunk to leg fat mass ratio (+ 5.1%; P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Lean, healthy young males and females appear to be protected from the negative cardio-metabolic effects of a 7-day HFHC diet. Future research should use a prolonged positive energy balance achieved via increased energy intake and reduced energy expenditure to exacerbate negative metabolic and cardiovascular functional outcomes to determine whether sex-specific differences exist under more metabolically challenging conditions.
Entities:
Keywords:
High-calorie; High-fat; Metabolic health; Sex differences
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