Sébastien Frey1, Stéphanie Patouraux2, Tarek Debs3, Jean Gugenheim4, Rodolphe Anty5, Antonio Iannelli6. 1. Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; Department of Digestive surgery and liver transplantation, Archet 2 Hospital, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France. 2. Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; Department of Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France. 3. Department of Digestive surgery and liver transplantation, Archet 2 Hospital, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France. 4. Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; Department of Digestive surgery and liver transplantation, Archet 2 Hospital, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France; Inserm, U1065, Team 8 "Hepatic complications of obesity and alcohol," Nice, France. 5. Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; Inserm, U1065, Team 8 "Hepatic complications of obesity and alcohol," Nice, France; Department of Hepathology, Archet 2 Hospital, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France. 6. Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; Department of Digestive surgery and liver transplantation, Archet 2 Hospital, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France; Department of Hepathology, Archet 2 Hospital, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France. Electronic address: iannelli.a@chu-nice.fr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: While metabolic health in obesity may confer a protective status, recent studies indicate that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or even nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may exist in this category of individuals. Although cardiovascular and diabetic risks have been well described, the risk of NAFLD and NASH among this population requires further investigation. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to compare the prevalence of steatosis, NAFLD, and NASH between individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and individuals with metabolically abnormal obesity (MAO) and to identify preoperative risk factors for these conditions in a prospective cohort with morbid obesity scheduled for bariatric surgery. SETTINGS: Tertiary referral university hospital in France. METHODS: The prospective cohort included 837 bariatric patients who also had an intraoperative liver biopsy between 2002 and 2015. Obese individuals fulfilling none of the criteria in the strict definition of metabolic syndrome were considered metabolically healthy. Preoperative blood samples and liver pathology examinations were reviewed. Steatosis, NAFLD, and NASH were carefully identified allowing comparison of prevalence and risk factors between the 2 cohorts. RESULTS: In total, 149 patients (17.8%) had MHO and the remaining 688 (82.2%) had MAO. The cohort with MHO was significantly younger, had a significantly lower glycosylated hemoglobin, a lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and increased C-reactive protein. In individuals with MHO, 44 patients (29.5%) had at least moderate steatosis (>33% macrovesicular steatosis) and 5.4% had NASH. Using logistic regression, waist circumference was positively associated with NASH, whereas body mass index and alanine aminotransferase were significantly associated with severe steatosis (>66%). CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that obese individuals without metabolic syndrome may develop subclinical liver involvement. Therefore, the occurrence of NAFLD and NASH in this population needs further investigation.
BACKGROUND: While metabolic health in obesity may confer a protective status, recent studies indicate that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or even nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may exist in this category of individuals. Although cardiovascular and diabetic risks have been well described, the risk of NAFLD and NASH among this population requires further investigation. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to compare the prevalence of steatosis, NAFLD, and NASH between individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and individuals with metabolically abnormal obesity (MAO) and to identify preoperative risk factors for these conditions in a prospective cohort with morbid obesity scheduled for bariatric surgery. SETTINGS: Tertiary referral university hospital in France. METHODS: The prospective cohort included 837 bariatric patients who also had an intraoperative liver biopsy between 2002 and 2015. Obese individuals fulfilling none of the criteria in the strict definition of metabolic syndrome were considered metabolically healthy. Preoperative blood samples and liver pathology examinations were reviewed. Steatosis, NAFLD, and NASH were carefully identified allowing comparison of prevalence and risk factors between the 2 cohorts. RESULTS: In total, 149 patients (17.8%) had MHO and the remaining 688 (82.2%) had MAO. The cohort with MHO was significantly younger, had a significantly lower glycosylated hemoglobin, a lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and increased C-reactive protein. In individuals with MHO, 44 patients (29.5%) had at least moderate steatosis (>33% macrovesicular steatosis) and 5.4% had NASH. Using logistic regression, waist circumference was positively associated with NASH, whereas body mass index and alanine aminotransferase were significantly associated with severe steatosis (>66%). CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that obese individuals without metabolic syndrome may develop subclinical liver involvement. Therefore, the occurrence of NAFLD and NASH in this population needs further investigation.