| Literature DB >> 32785491 |
Walter Vargas1, Katya Rigatto1.
Abstract
Background The family history of hypertension (FHH) imposes consistent risk for diverse chronic diseases that are accompanied by hypertension. Furthermore, the heart rate variability (HRV) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) are both related to maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and are usually impaired during hypertension Objective To compare the autonomic modulation, the endothelial function (EF) and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) of young athletes, separated according to their parents' blood pressure (BP) history, in order to study the influence of their genetic background on those parameters. Methods A total of 46 young male soccer players (18±2 years of age) were divided into four groups: 1-normotensive father and mother (FM-N); 2-only father was hypertensive (F-H); 3-only mother was hypertensive (M-H); 4-father and mother were hypertensive (FM-H). Measurements of BP, FMD, HRV and VO2maxwere performed. The significance level adopted in the statistical analysis was 5%. Results The standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN; FM-N=314±185; FM-H=182.4± 57.8), the square root of the mean squared differences in successive RR intervals (RMSSD; FM-N=248±134; FM-H=87±51), the number of interval differences of successive NN intervals greater than 50ms (NN50; FM-N=367±83.4; FM-H=229±55), the ratio derived by dividing NN50 by the total number of NN intervals (pNN50; FM-N=32.4±6.2; FM-H=21.1±5.3) and the high (HF; FM-N=49±8.9; FM-H=35.3±12) and low-frequency (LF; FM-N=50.9±8.9; FM-H=64.6±12) components, in normalized units (%), were significantly lower in the FM-H group than in the FM-N group (p<0.05). On the other hand, the LF/HF ratio (ms2) was significantly higher (p<0.05). We found no significant difference between the groups in VO2maxand FMD (p<0.05). Conclusions In young male soccer players, the FHH plays a potentially role in autonomic balance impairment, especially when both parents are hypertensive, but present no changes in VO2maxand FMD. In this case, there is a decrease in the sympathetic-vagal control, which seems to precede the endothelial damage (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(1):52-58).Entities:
Mesh:
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Year: 2020 PMID: 32785491 PMCID: PMC8384319 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20180441
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Arq Bras Cardiol ISSN: 0066-782X Impact factor: 2.000
– Medições das pressões arteriais sistólica e diastólica e do consumo máximo de oxigênio
| FM-N (n=14) | F-H (n=11) | M-H (n=10) | FM-H (n=11) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| 124 (117-132) | 128 (114-134) | 128 (111-139) | 128 (120-139) |
|
| 72 (60-84) | 76 (65-83) | 79 (67-89) | 78 (60-89) |
|
| 53,5±2,5 | 52,3±2,9 | 53,4±1,1 | 51,4±1,6 |
PAS: pressão arterial sistólica; PAD: pressão arterial diastólica; VO
– Medições das pressões arteriais sistólica e diastólica dos pais
| FM-N (n=14) | F-H (n=11) | M-H (n=10) | FM-H (n=11) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Pai | Mãe | Pai | Mãe | Pai | Mãe | Pai | Mãe | |
|
| 129 (120-188) | 124 (120-130) | 147 (130-177) | 124 (120-127) | 124 (120-127) | 158 (143-184) | 154 (130-193) | 152 (130-184) |
|
| 86 (75-105) | 84 (77-90) | 97 (85-110) | 83 (77-88) | 85 (80-89) | 96 (80-120) | 98 (85-110) | 96 (80-120) |
PAS: pressão arterial sistólica; PAD: pressão arterial diastólica. Os valores correspondem à média (inrervalo de confiança).
– Medições da frequência cardíaca e da VFC no domínio do tempo e no domínio da frequência em repouso
| FM-N (n=14) | F-H (n=11) | M-H (n=10) | FM-H (n=11) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| 210,2 (229) | 179,1 (187,9) | 125,2 (164,2) | 82,2 (65)* |
|
| 356±82 | 260±50 | 296±81,3 | 218,8±44* |
|
| 31,5±6,4 | 23,6±3,4 | 25,8±6,3 | 20,2±4,5* |
|
| 26,6±7 | 21,9±6,1 | 20,8±7,4 | 17,2±2,5* |
|
| 256 (145) | 211,1 (123,1) | 185,3 (84,3) | 162,4 (92,7)* |
|
| 15935 (31705,1) | 13822,5 (22099,8) | 3421 (24564,2) | 3025,1 (15568,9) |
|
| 48,6±8,6 | 40,3±13 | 38,4±10,3 | 33,8±11,2* |
|
| 13654 (54544,1) | 11575,2 (53678,3) | 2591,8 (9127,9) | 3173,4 (13163,2) |
|
| 51,4±8,6 | 59,7±13 | 61,6±10,3 | 66,2±11,2* |
|
| 1(0,5) | 1,5 (1,4) | 1,8 (0,3) | 2,5 (1,3)* |
Os valores são apresentados como média ± DP para dados paramétricos, ou mediana (intervalo interquartil) para dados não paramétricos. *Um valor de P < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significante quando comparado com o grupo FM-N. RMSSD: raiz quadrada das médias quadráticas das diferenças dos intervalos R-R sucessivos (ms); NN50: número de intervalos NNs sucessivos que diferem em mais de 50 ms; pNN50: proporção de NN 50 dividido pelo número total de NNs; VFC: variabilidade da frequência cardíaca; SDNN: desvio padrão de intervalos RR normais; HFa: componente de alta frequência absoluto; nu: unidades normalizadas; LFa: componente de baixa frequência absoluto; LF/HF: relação entre componentes de baixa e alta frequência.
Figura 1– LF/HF= Relação entre os componentes de baixa e alta frequência, isto é, o balanço autonômico dos grupos FM-N, F-H, M-H e FM-H. *Diferença entre os grupos FM-H e FM-N (p<0,005).
– Características da artéria braquial dos atletas na posição supina
| FM-N (n=14) | F-H (n=11) | M-H (n=10) | FM-H (n=11) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| 0,355±0,043 | 0,364±0,035 | 0,344±0,041 | 0,383±0,037 |
|
| 0,387±0,042 | 0,387±0,028 | 0,366±0,042 | 0,402±0,045 |
|
| 9,323±3,028 | 6,745±1,263 | 6,261±1,726 | 5,097±3,157 |
|
| 0,368±0,044 | 0,363±0,032 | 0,352±0,043 | 0,387±0,039 |
|
| 0,431±0,039 | 0,431±0,036 | 0,419±0,041 | 0,453±0,034 |
|
| 17,639±7,086 | 18,920±3,991 | 19,472±6,456 | 17,678±7,503 |
B-DIA: diâmetro da artéria braquial basal; VMF: vasodilatação mediada pelo fluxo; NTG: diâmetro da artéria braquial com nitroglicerina; RH-DIA: diâmetro da artéria braquial com a hiperemia reativa. Os valores são apresentados como média ± DP.
– Measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and maximal oxygen uptake
| FM-N (n=14) | F-H (n=11) | M-H (n=10) | FM-H (n=11) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP (mmHg) | 124 (117-132) | 128 (114-134) | 128 (111-139) | 128 (120-139) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72 (60-84) | 76 (65-83) | 79 (67-89) | 78 (60-89) |
| VO2max (ml/kg/min) | 53.5±2.5 | 52.3±2.9 | 53.4±1.1 | 51.4±1.6 |
SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; VO
– Measurements of parents’ systolic and diastolic blood pressure
| FM-N (n=14) | F-H (n=11) | M-H (n=10) | FM-H (n=11) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Father | Mother | Father | Mother | Father | Mother | Father | Mother | |
|
| 129 (120-188) | 124 (120-130) | 147 (130-177) | 124 (120-127) | 124 (120-127) | 158 (143-184) | 154 (130-193) | 152 (130-184) |
|
| 86 (75-105) | 84 (77-90) | 97 (85-110) | 83 (77-88) | 85 (80-89) | 96 (80-120) | 98 (85-110) | 96 (80-120) |
PAS: pressão arterial sistólica; PAD: pressão arterial diastólica. Os valores correspondem à média (inrervalo de confiança).
– Heart rate, time-domain and frequency-domain measurements of resting heart-rate variability
| FM-N (n=14) | F-H (n=11) | M-H (n=10) | FM-H (n=11) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| 210.2 (229) | 179.1 (187,9) | 125.2 (164.2) | 82.2 (65)* |
|
| 356±82 | 260±50 | 296±81.3 | 218.8±44* |
|
| 31.5±6.4 | 23.6±3.4 | 25.8±6.3 | 20.2±4.5* |
|
| 26.6±7 | 21.9±6.1 | 20.8±7.4 | 17.2±2.5* |
|
| 256 (145) | 211.1 (123.1) | 185.3 (84.3) | 162.4 (92.7)* |
|
| 15935 (31705.1) | 13822.5 (22099.8) | 3421 (24564.2) | 3025.1 (15568.9) |
|
| 48.6±8.6 | 40.3±13 | 38.4±10.3 | 33.8±11.2* |
|
| 13654 (54544.1) | 11575.2 (53678.3) | 2591.8 (9127.9) | 3173.4 (13163.2) |
|
| 51.4±8.6 | 59.7±13 | 61.6±10.3 | 66.2±11.2* |
|
| 1(0.5) | 1.5 (1.4) | 1.8 (0.3) | 2.5 (1.3)* |
Values are expressed as mean ± SD when parametric data, or median (interquartile range) when non-parametric data. *A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant when compared to the group FM-N. RMSSD: square root of the mean squared differences among consecutive RR intervals; NN50: the number of successive NN intervals greater than 50ms; pNN50; the ratio derived by dividing NN50 by the total number of NN intervals; HRV: heart rate variability; SDNN: standard deviation of normal RR intervals; HFa: absolute values of high-frequency components; nu: normalized units; LFa: absolute values of low-frequency components; LF/HF: ratio between low- and high-frequency power components.
Figure 1– LF/HF= Ratio between low and high frequency power components, i.e., the autonomic balance of the FM-N, F-H, M-H and FM-H groups. *Differences between FM-H and FM-N groups (p<0.005).
– Brachial artery characteristics of athletes in supine position
| FM-N (n=14) | F-H (n=11) | M-H (n=10) | FM-H (n=11) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| 0.355±0.043 | 0.364±0.035 | 0.344±0.041 | 0.383±0.037 |
|
| 0.387±0.042 | 0.387±0.028 | 0.366±0.042 | 0.402±0.045 |
|
| 9.323±3.028 | 6.745±1.263 | 6.261±1.726 | 5.097±3.157 |
|
| 0.368±0.044 | 0.363±0.032 | 0.352±0.043 | 0.387±0.039 |
|
| 0.431±0.039 | 0.431±0.036 | 0.419±0.041 | 0.453±0.034 |
|
| 17.639±7.086 | 18.920±3.991 | 19.472±6.456 | 17.678±7.503 |
B-DIA: basal brachial artery diameter; FMD: flow-mediated dilation; NTG: brachial artery diameter with nitroglycerin; RH-DIA: brachial artery diameter with reactive hyperemia. Values are expressed as mean ± SD.