Merlin Moni1, A Sangita Sudhir2, T S Dipu1, Zubair Mohamed3, Binny Pushpa Prabhu1, Fabia Edathadathil4, Sabarish Balachandran5, Sanjeev K Singh4, Preetha Prasanna4, Veena P Menon2, Twisha Patel6, Payal Patel7, Keith S Kaye8, Vidya P Menon9. 1. Department of General Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India. 2. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India. 3. Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India. 4. Department of Medical Administration, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India. 5. Department of Emergency Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India. 6. Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Michigan Health System, MI, USA. 7. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, MI, USA. 8. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, MI, USA. 9. Department of Internal Medicine, Lincoln Medical Center, NY, USA. Electronic address: menonv@nychhc.org.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Safe and effective use of colistin requires robust pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data to guide dosing. AIM: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of colistimethate sodium and colistin in critically ill patients and correlate with clinical efficacy and renal function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty critically ill adult patients with colistin-susceptible multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections and normal renal function treated with intravenous colistimethate sodium - at a 9 million units (270 mg CBA) loading dose followed by maintenance (MD) of 3 million units t.i.d, 24 hours later - were evaluated for clinical cure (CC) at the end of therapy. Patient characteristics and plasma colistin levels at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours after the loading dose and at 1, 2 and 8 hours after the eighth and ninth infusion of MD were evaluated. Colistimethate sodium and colistin levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS: Among the 20 patients who were evaluated, 60% had pneumonia. Predominant pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter spp. Clinical cure was 50% (10/20). Mean peak loading dose concentrations were 3 ± 1.1 mg/L (1.75-5.14) and 2.37 ± 1.2 mg/L (1.52-5.54) for 'cure' and 'failure' groups, respectively (p = 0.13), while mean steady-state (Cssavg) concentrations were 2.25 ± 1.3 mg/L and 1.78 ± 1.1 mg/L in 'cure' and 'failure' groups, respectively (p = 0.19). Nephrotoxicity was 5% on day 7 of therapy. However, bacteriological cure could not be correlated with PK/PD. CONCLUSIONS: Subtherapeutic Cssavg with clinical failure and lower efficacy without significant nephrotoxicity highlights the need for therapeutic drug monitoring to guide colistin dosing.
BACKGROUND: Safe and effective use of colistin requires robust pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data to guide dosing. AIM: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of colistimethate sodium and colistin in critically illpatients and correlate with clinical efficacy and renal function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty critically ill adult patients with colistin-susceptible multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections and normal renal function treated with intravenous colistimethate sodium - at a 9 million units (270 mg CBA) loading dose followed by maintenance (MD) of 3 million units t.i.d, 24 hours later - were evaluated for clinical cure (CC) at the end of therapy. Patient characteristics and plasma colistin levels at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours after the loading dose and at 1, 2 and 8 hours after the eighth and ninth infusion of MD were evaluated. Colistimethate sodium and colistin levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS: Among the 20 patients who were evaluated, 60% had pneumonia. Predominant pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter spp. Clinical cure was 50% (10/20). Mean peak loading dose concentrations were 3 ± 1.1 mg/L (1.75-5.14) and 2.37 ± 1.2 mg/L (1.52-5.54) for 'cure' and 'failure' groups, respectively (p = 0.13), while mean steady-state (Cssavg) concentrations were 2.25 ± 1.3 mg/L and 1.78 ± 1.1 mg/L in 'cure' and 'failure' groups, respectively (p = 0.19). Nephrotoxicity was 5% on day 7 of therapy. However, bacteriological cure could not be correlated with PK/PD. CONCLUSIONS: Subtherapeutic Cssavg with clinical failure and lower efficacy without significant nephrotoxicity highlights the need for therapeutic drug monitoring to guide colistin dosing.
Authors: Abdulrahman I Alshaya; Khalid Bin Saleh; Mohammed Aldhaeefi; Hisham A Baderldin; Farris O Alamody; Qusai A Alhamdan; Mohammed A Almusallam; Omar Alshaya; Khalid Al Sulaiman; Shaima Alshareef; Shuroug A Alowais; Shmeylan A Al Harbi; Ghassan Alghamdi Journal: Infect Drug Resist Date: 2022-04-24 Impact factor: 4.003