BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal malignancies have both a high incidence rate and a high mortality rate. Immuno-oncological treatment approaches are becoming increasingly established in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. SUMMARY: In this review, we give an overview of the types and effects of immunotherapies. We focus on recent studies on immunotherapies with special attention to immune checkpoint inhibition in carcinomas of the esophagus and stomach, the hepato-pancreatico-biliary system, and the colorectum including the anal channel in the metastatic setting, and we show their achievements but also their limitations. In an outlook, we discuss new approaches in immunotherapy like CAR T-cell therapy and oncolytic viruses. KEY MESSAGES: Gastrointestinal cancers show overall moderate response rates to immunotherapy. Nevertheless, subgroups such as DNA mismatch repair-deficient or microsatellite-instable tumors particularly benefit from the immune checkpoint blockade. Further studies are ongoing.
BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal malignancies have both a high incidence rate and a high mortality rate. Immuno-oncological treatment approaches are becoming increasingly established in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. SUMMARY: In this review, we give an overview of the types and effects of immunotherapies. We focus on recent studies on immunotherapies with special attention to immune checkpoint inhibition in carcinomas of the esophagus and stomach, the hepato-pancreatico-biliary system, and the colorectum including the anal channel in the metastatic setting, and we show their achievements but also their limitations. In an outlook, we discuss new approaches in immunotherapy like CAR T-cell therapy and oncolytic viruses. KEY MESSAGES: Gastrointestinal cancers show overall moderate response rates to immunotherapy. Nevertheless, subgroups such as DNA mismatch repair-deficient or microsatellite-instable tumors particularly benefit from the immune checkpoint blockade. Further studies are ongoing.
Authors: Razvan Cristescu; Jeeyun Lee; Michael Nebozhyn; Kyoung-Mee Kim; Jason C Ting; Swee Seong Wong; Jiangang Liu; Yong Gang Yue; Jian Wang; Kun Yu; Xiang S Ye; In-Gu Do; Shawn Liu; Lara Gong; Jake Fu; Jason Gang Jin; Min Gew Choi; Tae Sung Sohn; Joon Ho Lee; Jae Moon Bae; Seung Tae Kim; Se Hoon Park; Insuk Sohn; Sin-Ho Jung; Patrick Tan; Ronghua Chen; James Hardwick; Won Ki Kang; Mark Ayers; Dai Hongyue; Christoph Reinhard; Andrey Loboda; Sung Kim; Amit Aggarwal Journal: Nat Med Date: 2015-04-20 Impact factor: 53.440
Authors: Julie Brahmer; Karen L Reckamp; Paul Baas; Lucio Crinò; Wilfried E E Eberhardt; Elena Poddubskaya; Scott Antonia; Adam Pluzanski; Everett E Vokes; Esther Holgado; David Waterhouse; Neal Ready; Justin Gainor; Osvaldo Arén Frontera; Libor Havel; Martin Steins; Marina C Garassino; Joachim G Aerts; Manuel Domine; Luis Paz-Ares; Martin Reck; Christine Baudelet; Christopher T Harbison; Brian Lestini; David R Spigel Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2015-05-31 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Dung T Le; Jennifer N Uram; Hao Wang; Bjarne R Bartlett; Holly Kemberling; Aleksandra D Eyring; Andrew D Skora; Brandon S Luber; Nilofer S Azad; Dan Laheru; Barbara Biedrzycki; Ross C Donehower; Atif Zaheer; George A Fisher; Todd S Crocenzi; James J Lee; Steven M Duffy; Richard M Goldberg; Albert de la Chapelle; Minori Koshiji; Feriyl Bhaijee; Thomas Huebner; Ralph H Hruban; Laura D Wood; Nathan Cuka; Drew M Pardoll; Nickolas Papadopoulos; Kenneth W Kinzler; Shibin Zhou; Toby C Cornish; Janis M Taube; Robert A Anders; James R Eshleman; Bert Vogelstein; Luis A Diaz Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2015-05-30 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Lorenzo Galluzzi; Erika Vacchelli; José-Manuel Bravo-San Pedro; Aitziber Buqué; Laura Senovilla; Elisa Elena Baracco; Norma Bloy; Francesca Castoldi; Jean-Pierre Abastado; Patrizia Agostinis; Ron N Apte; Fernando Aranda; Maha Ayyoub; Philipp Beckhove; Jean-Yves Blay; Laura Bracci; Anne Caignard; Chiara Castelli; Federica Cavallo; Estaban Celis; Vincenzo Cerundolo; Aled Clayton; Mario P Colombo; Lisa Coussens; Madhav V Dhodapkar; Alexander M Eggermont; Douglas T Fearon; Wolf H Fridman; Jitka Fučíková; Dmitry I Gabrilovich; Jérôme Galon; Abhishek Garg; François Ghiringhelli; Giuseppe Giaccone; Eli Gilboa; Sacha Gnjatic; Axel Hoos; Anne Hosmalin; Dirk Jäger; Pawel Kalinski; Klas Kärre; Oliver Kepp; Rolf Kiessling; John M Kirkwood; Eva Klein; Alexander Knuth; Claire E Lewis; Roland Liblau; Michael T Lotze; Enrico Lugli; Jean-Pierre Mach; Fabrizio Mattei; Domenico Mavilio; Ignacio Melero; Cornelis J Melief; Elizabeth A Mittendorf; Lorenzo Moretta; Adekunke Odunsi; Hideho Okada; Anna Karolina Palucka; Marcus E Peter; Kenneth J Pienta; Angel Porgador; George C Prendergast; Gabriel A Rabinovich; Nicholas P Restifo; Naiyer Rizvi; Catherine Sautès-Fridman; Hans Schreiber; Barbara Seliger; Hiroshi Shiku; Bruno Silva-Santos; Mark J Smyth; Daniel E Speiser; Radek Spisek; Pramod K Srivastava; James E Talmadge; Eric Tartour; Sjoerd H Van Der Burg; Benoît J Van Den Eynde; Richard Vile; Hermann Wagner; Jeffrey S Weber; Theresa L Whiteside; Jedd D Wolchok; Laurence Zitvogel; Weiping Zou; Guido Kroemer Journal: Oncotarget Date: 2014-12-30
Authors: Yelena Y Janjigian; Johanna Bendell; Emiliano Calvo; Joseph W Kim; Paolo A Ascierto; Padmanee Sharma; Patrick A Ott; Katriina Peltola; Dirk Jaeger; Jeffry Evans; Filippo de Braud; Ian Chau; Christopher T Harbison; Cecile Dorange; Marina Tschaika; Dung T Le Journal: J Clin Oncol Date: 2018-08-15 Impact factor: 44.544