Yang Zhai1, Qian Chen2, Yuzhen Wang1, Xu Li1, Lina Li1. 1. Department of Oncology, Tumor hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, China. 2. Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide with the highest morbidity and mortality, in which the non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 80% of all cases. The expression of (HOX transcript antisense RNA) HOTAIR were abnormal in a variety of tumor tissues and is involved in the regulation of the occurrence and development of lung cancer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect and mechanism of down-regulation of HOTAIR on gefitinib resistance of lung adenocarcinoma HCC827 cells by targeting PTEN. METHODS: The HOTAIR downstream target gene was predicted by bioinformatics database. The small interfering RNAs (siRNA) which is corresponding to HOTAIR was transfected using Lipofectamine™ 2000. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression of HOTAIR, PTEN, PI3K and AKT in HCC827 and HCC827GR cells. MTT assay was used to detect the changes in drug resistance of HCC827GR cells. Flow cytometry analysis were used to test the cell proliferation and the rate of apoptosis. RESULTS: The expression of HOTAIR increased in HCC827GR and the serum of NSCLC patients with gefitinib resistance (P<0.05). Transfection of HOTAIR siRNA decreased the expression of HOTAIR (P<0.05), and increased the expressions of PTEN (P<0.05), while the expression of PI3K and AKT were decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the blank control group, down-regulation of HOTAIR increased the sensitivity of HCC827GR cells to gefitinib. The cell proliferation ability was decreased and the apoptosis was promoted apparently (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Down-regulation of HOTAIR can suppress the cell growth and promote the apoptosis, and it can reverse the resistance of HCC827GR cells to gefitinib. Its potential mechanism may be related with the targeting of PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.
BACKGROUND:Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide with the highest morbidity and mortality, in which the non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 80% of all cases. The expression of (HOX transcript antisense RNA) HOTAIR were abnormal in a variety of tumor tissues and is involved in the regulation of the occurrence and development of lung cancer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect and mechanism of down-regulation of HOTAIR on gefitinib resistance of lung adenocarcinomaHCC827 cells by targeting PTEN. METHODS: The HOTAIR downstream target gene was predicted by bioinformatics database. The small interfering RNAs (siRNA) which is corresponding to HOTAIR was transfected using Lipofectamine™ 2000. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression of HOTAIR, PTEN, PI3K and AKT in HCC827 and HCC827GR cells. MTT assay was used to detect the changes in drug resistance of HCC827GR cells. Flow cytometry analysis were used to test the cell proliferation and the rate of apoptosis. RESULTS: The expression of HOTAIR increased in HCC827GR and the serum of NSCLCpatients with gefitinib resistance (P<0.05). Transfection of HOTAIR siRNA decreased the expression of HOTAIR (P<0.05), and increased the expressions of PTEN (P<0.05), while the expression of PI3K and AKT were decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the blank control group, down-regulation of HOTAIR increased the sensitivity of HCC827GR cells to gefitinib. The cell proliferation ability was decreased and the apoptosis was promoted apparently (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Down-regulation of HOTAIR can suppress the cell growth and promote the apoptosis, and it can reverse the resistance of HCC827GR cells to gefitinib. Its potential mechanism may be related with the targeting of PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.
Entities:
Keywords:
Drug resistance; Gefitinb; HCC827; HOTAIR; PTEN
Down-regulation of HOTAIR can increase the expression of PTEN in HCC827GR cells, and decrease the expression of PI3K and AKT.
下调HOTAIR可提高HCC827GR细胞PTEN表达,降低PI3K及AKT表达Down-regulation of HOTAIR can increase the expression of PTEN in HCC827GR cells, and decrease the expression of PI3K and AKT.
Down-regulation of HOTAIR promotes the apoptosis of HCC827GR. *P < 0.05
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下调HOTAIR抑制HCC827GR细胞增殖(P < 0.05)
Down-regulation of HOTAIR decreases the cell proliferation ability of HCC827GR (P < 0.05)
下调HOTAIR促进HCC827GR细胞凋亡Down-regulation of HOTAIR promotes the apoptosis of HCC827GR. *P < 0.05下调HOTAIR抑制HCC827GR细胞增殖(P < 0.05)Down-regulation of HOTAIR decreases the cell proliferation ability of HCC827GR (P < 0.05)
Correlation between the expression of PTEN(A) or HOTAIR(B) and the survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma
PTEN(A)及HOTAIR(B)表达与肺腺癌患者的生存的相关性Correlation between the expression of PTEN(A) or HOTAIR(B) and the survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma
讨论
吉非替尼是首个口服的EGFR-TKIs,2008年IPASS研究结果[显示,在腺癌、不吸烟或已戒烟的轻度吸烟者的亚裔晚期NSCLC患者的一线治疗中,与紫杉醇联合卡铂全身化疗相比,吉非替尼组的PFS显著优于化疗组,两组OS无显著差异。NEJGSG002研究[证实了IPASS的结果,并提出对于EGFR突变阳性的NSCLC患者,吉非替尼一线治疗优于标准方案化疗。然而在临床中,存在EGFR突变的NSCLC患者吉非替尼的有效维持时间也仅为8个月-10个月,且多数患者容易出现复发,提示此类药物存在较严重的获得性耐药。虽然大部分的的EGFR-TKIs获得性耐药可用T790M突变及c-MET癌基因的扩增解释,但仍有约30%患者的耐药原因尚不明确[。HCC827是EGFR基因19del突变且对吉非替尼敏感的人NSCLC细胞株,我们的前期研究不仅成功构建了吉非替尼耐药细胞株HCC827GR,并且发现PTEN基因与肺癌发生发展有着密切的联系,下调PTEN表达可以诱导肺腺癌HCC827细胞对EGFR-TKIs耐药[,另有研究[显示在NSCLC中,PTEN作为ATK通路上游重要的抑癌基因,可阻止ATK通路的活化,从而阻断ATK调控的下游信号转导,PTEN可能是通过激活PI3K/AKT而减少具有EGFR突变的细胞的凋亡,提示PTEN缺失可能是导致非小细胞肺癌患者对EGFR-TKIs发生耐药的原因之一,但其具体分子机制仍尚不明确。近年来新的研究发现,lncRNA可以发挥癌基因及抑癌基因的作用,能够调控基因转录、转录后和表观遗传水平,与调节染色体的蛋白不同,lncRNA发挥作用不必入核,多以顺式调节方式发挥作用。由于lncRNA可以来源于增强子,故其也有增强子样的作用,同时lncRNA在胞浆参与调节mRNA,并可通过表观遗传学调控改变细胞结构和功能状态[。大量研究[表明多种lncRNA参与了肺癌的发生发展,并与肺癌患者的预后及对化疗药物的耐药有密切的关系。HOTAIR是第一个被发现的反义转录lncRNA,可通过招募PRC2使相应组蛋白发生甲基化,进而调控有关侵袭转移基因的表达进而参与癌症的进展[。Nakagawa等[发现NSCLC患者肿瘤组织中HOTAIR的表达水平与肿瘤的大小、分化程度及分期呈正相关。我们的研究发现HOTAIR在HCC827GR耐药细胞及吉非替尼耐药患者血清中表达均增高,同时我们还发现下调HOTAIR后,HCC827GR细胞的增殖能力下降,凋亡率升高,并可引起G0期/G1期细胞周期阻滞,同时能够使HCC827GR细胞恢复对吉非替尼的敏感性,提示HOTAIR可能参与介导了NSCLC的吉非替尼耐药。既往已有多项研究提示HOTAIR在子宫内膜癌、喉部鳞癌及乳腺癌中可通过靶向调控PTEN/PI3K/AKT通路促进肿瘤的增殖和转移。Ma等[发现HOTAIR能够和miR-130a结合,通过下调miR-130a导致PTEN等基因下调,进而激活AKT信号通路影响肿瘤的恶性表型。我们通过生物信息学分析预测到HOTARI可作为一种竞争性内源性RNA(competing endogenous RNA, ceRNA)与miR-526b-3p、miR-519d-3p及miR106b-5p相互作用,形成ceRNA的竞争机制,而PTEN为miR-526b-3p、miR-519d-3p及miR106b-5p的下游靶基因,提示高表达HOTAIR可导致miRNA对PTEN的抑制力减弱,这与既往多项研究结果不符,考虑因数据库纳入样本量不足及疾病种类不同而此造成偏差。在本研究中,我们也发现下调HOTAIR后,HCC827GR细胞中PTEN表达升高,而PI3K及AKT的表达则较前下降,同时我们从TCGA数据库中下载肺腺癌患者的临床数据,通过生存分析发现肺腺癌患者总生存与PTEN表达呈正相关,而与HOTAIR表达则呈负相关,这与我们的实验研究结果相一致。因此我们推测,HOTAIR可调节PTEN/PI3K/AKT信号通路,通过负反馈作用于PTEN,调控肿瘤细胞的增殖及凋亡,下调HOTAIR表达可以逆转HCC827GR细胞对吉非替尼的耐药。本研究首次证明了HOTAIR与HCC827细胞对吉非替尼耐药之间的关系及其机制,提示HOTAIR的表达可有助于判断NSCLC患者对EGFR-TKIs类药物的治疗反应,并为NSCLC靶向治疗耐药后的选择提供了新的方向。Author contributionsZhai Y, Li LN and Chen Q conceived and designed the study. Zhai Y and Chen Q performed the experiments. Wang YZ and Li X analyzed the data. Zhai Y and Li LN contributed analysis tools. Zhai Y, Li LN and Chen Q provided critical inputs on design, analysis, and interpretation of the study. All the authors had access to the data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript as submitted.
Authors: Christina Fitzmaurice; Tomi F Akinyemiju; Faris Hasan Al Lami; Tahiya Alam; Reza Alizadeh-Navaei; Christine Allen; Ubai Alsharif; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Erfan Amini; Benjamin O Anderson; Olatunde Aremu; Al Artaman; Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom; Reza Assadi; Tesfay Mehari Atey; Leticia Avila-Burgos; Ashish Awasthi; Huda Omer Ba Saleem; Aleksandra Barac; James R Bennett; Isabela M Bensenor; Nickhill Bhakta; Hermann Brenner; Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado; Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela; Ferrán Catalá-López; Jee-Young Jasmine Choi; Devasahayam Jesudas Christopher; Sheng-Chia Chung; Maria Paula Curado; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; José das Neves; Subhojit Dey; Samath D Dharmaratne; David Teye Doku; Tim R Driscoll; Manisha Dubey; Hedyeh Ebrahimi; Dumessa Edessa; Ziad El-Khatib; Aman Yesuf Endries; Florian Fischer; Lisa M Force; Kyle J Foreman; Solomon Weldemariam Gebrehiwot; Sameer Vali Gopalani; Giuseppe Grosso; Rahul Gupta; Bishal Gyawali; Randah Ribhi Hamadeh; Samer Hamidi; James Harvey; Hamid Yimam Hassen; Roderick J Hay; Simon I Hay; Behzad Heibati; Molla Kahssay Hiluf; Nobuyuki Horita; H Dean Hosgood; Olayinka S Ilesanmi; Kaire Innos; Farhad Islami; Mihajlo B Jakovljevic; Sarah Charlotte Johnson; Jost B Jonas; Amir Kasaeian; Tesfaye Dessale Kassa; Yousef Saleh Khader; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Gulfaraz Khan; Young-Ho Khang; Mohammad Hossein Khosravi; Jagdish Khubchandani; Jacek A Kopec; G Anil Kumar; Michael Kutz; Deepesh Pravinkumar Lad; Alessandra Lafranconi; Qing Lan; Yirga Legesse; James Leigh; Shai Linn; Raimundas Lunevicius; Azeem Majeed; Reza Malekzadeh; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Lorenzo G Mantovani; Brian J McMahon; Toni Meier; Yohannes Adama Melaku; Mulugeta Melku; Peter Memiah; Walter Mendoza; Tuomo J Meretoja; Haftay Berhane Mezgebe; Ted R Miller; Shafiu Mohammed; Ali H Mokdad; Mahmood Moosazadeh; Paula Moraga; Seyyed Meysam Mousavi; Vinay Nangia; Cuong Tat Nguyen; Vuong Minh Nong; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; Andrew Toyin Olagunju; Mahesh Pa; Eun-Kee Park; Tejas Patel; David M Pereira; Farhad Pishgar; Maarten J Postma; Farshad Pourmalek; Mostafa Qorbani; Anwar Rafay; Salman Rawaf; David Laith Rawaf; Gholamreza Roshandel; Saeid Safiri; Hamideh Salimzadeh; Juan Ramon Sanabria; Milena M Santric Milicevic; Benn Sartorius; Maheswar Satpathy; Sadaf G Sepanlou; Katya Anne Shackelford; Masood Ali Shaikh; Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini; Jun She; Min-Jeong Shin; Ivy Shiue; Mark G Shrime; Abiy Hiruye Sinke; Mekonnen Sisay; Amber Sligar; Muawiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Bryan L Sykes; Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos; Gizachew Assefa Tessema; Roman Topor-Madry; Tung Thanh Tran; Bach Xuan Tran; Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja; Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov; Stein Emil Vollset; Elisabete Weiderpass; Hywel C Williams; Nigus Bililign Yimer; Naohiro Yonemoto; Mustafa Z Younis; Christopher J L Murray; Mohsen Naghavi Journal: JAMA Oncol Date: 2018-11-01 Impact factor: 31.777