Philip A Spechler1,2, Bader Chaarani3,4, Catherine Orr4, Matthew D Albaugh4, Nicholas R Fontaine4, Stephen T Higgins3,4, Tobias Banaschewski5, Arun L W Bokde6, Erin Burke Quinlan7, Sylvane Desrivières7, Herta Flor8,9, Antoine Grigis10, Penny Gowland11, Andreas Heinz12, Bernd Ittermann13, Eric Artiges14, Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot15, Frauke Nees5,8, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos9, Tomáš Paus16, Luise Poustka17, Sarah Hohmann5, Juliane H Fröhner18, Michael N Smolka17, Henrik Walter12, Robert Whelan19, Gunter Schumann7, Hugh Garavan3,4. 1. Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA. philip.spechler@uvm.edu. 2. Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA. philip.spechler@uvm.edu. 3. Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA. 4. Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA. 5. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. 6. Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. 7. Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. 8. Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. 9. Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany. 10. NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. 11. Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK. 12. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany. 13. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig-Berlin, Germany. 14. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie", Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; and Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Paris, France. 15. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie", Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; and AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France. 16. Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Paris, France. 17. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. 18. Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. 19. School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Abstract
RATIONALE: The amygdala is a key brain structure to study in relation to cannabis use as reflected by its high-density of cannabinoid receptors and functional reactivity to processes relevant to drug use. Previously, we identified a correlation between cannabis use in early adolescence and amygdala hyper-reactivity to angry faces (Spechler et al. 2015). OBJECTIVES: Here, we leveraged the longitudinal aspect of the same dataset (the IMAGEN study) to determine (1) if amygdala hyper-reactivity predicts future cannabis use and (2) if amygdala reactivity is affected by prolonged cannabis exposure during adolescence. METHODS: First, linear regressions predicted the level of cannabis use by age 19 using amygdala reactivity to angry faces measured at age 14 prior to cannabis exposure in a sample of 1119 participants. Next, we evaluated the time course of amygdala functional development from age 14 to 19 for angry face processing and how it might be associated with protracted cannabis use throughout this developmental window. We compared the sample from Spechler et al. 2015, the majority of whom escalated their use over the 5-year interval, to a matched sample of non-users. RESULTS: Right amygdala reactivity to angry faces significantly predicted cannabis use 5 years later in a dose-response fashion. Cannabis-naïve adolescents demonstrated the lowest levels of amygdala reactivity. No such predictive relationship was identified for alcohol or cigarette use. Next, follow-up analyses indicated a significant group-by-time interaction for the right amygdala. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Right amygdala hyper-reactivity is predictive of future cannabis use, and (2) protracted cannabis exposure during adolescence may alter the rate of neurotypical functional development.
RATIONALE: The amygdala is a key brain structure to study in relation to cannabis use as reflected by its high-density of cannabinoid receptors and functional reactivity to processes relevant to drug use. Previously, we identified a correlation between cannabis use in early adolescence and amygdala hyper-reactivity to angry faces (Spechler et al. 2015). OBJECTIVES: Here, we leveraged the longitudinal aspect of the same dataset (the IMAGEN study) to determine (1) if amygdala hyper-reactivity predicts future cannabis use and (2) if amygdala reactivity is affected by prolonged cannabis exposure during adolescence. METHODS: First, linear regressions predicted the level of cannabis use by age 19 using amygdala reactivity to angry faces measured at age 14 prior to cannabis exposure in a sample of 1119 participants. Next, we evaluated the time course of amygdala functional development from age 14 to 19 for angry face processing and how it might be associated with protracted cannabis use throughout this developmental window. We compared the sample from Spechler et al. 2015, the majority of whom escalated their use over the 5-year interval, to a matched sample of non-users. RESULTS: Right amygdala reactivity to angry faces significantly predicted cannabis use 5 years later in a dose-response fashion. Cannabis-naïve adolescents demonstrated the lowest levels of amygdala reactivity. No such predictive relationship was identified for alcohol or cigarette use. Next, follow-up analyses indicated a significant group-by-time interaction for the right amygdala. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Right amygdala hyper-reactivity is predictive of future cannabis use, and (2) protracted cannabis exposure during adolescence may alter the rate of neurotypical functional development.
Entities:
Keywords:
Adolescence; Amygdala; Cannabis; Prediction; Risk; Social threat
Authors: Rebecca M Todd; Jennifer W Evans; Drew Morris; Marc D Lewis; Margot J Taylor Journal: Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci Date: 2010-03-01 Impact factor: 3.436
Authors: Philip A Spechler; Catherine A Orr; Bader Chaarani; Kees-Jan Kan; Scott Mackey; Aaron Morton; Mitchell P Snowe; Kelsey E Hudson; Robert R Althoff; Stephen T Higgins; Anna Cattrell; Herta Flor; Frauke Nees; Tobias Banaschewski; Arun L W Bokde; Robert Whelan; Christian Büchel; Uli Bromberg; Patricia Conrod; Vincent Frouin; Dimitri Papadopoulos; Jurgen Gallinat; Andreas Heinz; Henrik Walter; Bernd Ittermann; Penny Gowland; Tomáš Paus; Luise Poustka; Jean-Luc Martinot; Eric Artiges; Michael N Smolka; Gunter Schumann; Hugh Garavan Journal: Dev Cogn Neurosci Date: 2015-08-28 Impact factor: 6.464