Signaling phospholipids in plant development: small couriers determining cell fate.

The survival of plants hinges on their ability to perceive various environmental stimuli and translate them into appropriate biochemical responses. Phospholipids, a class of membrane lipid compounds that are asymmetrically distributed within plant cells, stand out among signal transmitters for their diversity of mechanisms by which they modulate stress and developmental processes. By modifying the chemo-physical properties of the plasma membrane (PM) as well as vesicle trafficking, phospholipids contribute to changes in the protein membrane landscape, and hence, signaling responses. In this article, we review the distinct signaling mechanisms phospholipids are involved in, with a special focus on the nuclear role of these compounds. Additionally, we summarize exemplary developmental processes greatly influenced by phospholipids.