Update: dietary protein and microbial protein contribution.

Factors influencing microbial protein synthesis in the rumen have been reviewed several times in recent years. Original publications in the past 3 yr have reported microbial and feed protein nitrogen contribution postruminally when feeding a variety of dietary proteins. Ammonia is a satisfactory source of nitrogen for growth of the majority of rumen species, but substitution of intact protein for urea (source of ammonia) usually stimulates microbial protein production. Protein sources such as soybean meal appear to possess properties (perhaps rate of degradability) that optimize microbial growth in vivo. Protein sources more undegradable than soybean meal, when fed as the major nitrogen source, sometimes reduce microbial growth. However, nondegradable proteins may compensate for less microbial protein by supplying intact dietary protein postruminally, so the amino acids potentially available may be equal to or greater than those available when readily degradable protein is fed. Soybean meal may reduce microbial growth in diets containing grass silage at protein exceeding 16.8%. Various measurements of microbial and intact dietary protein postruminally show that the contribution of each can be manipulated. Accuracy of quantitative predictions of postruminal contribution depends on several factors that require more research.