Matthew Randesi1, Orna Levran1, Wim van den Brink2, Peter Blanken3, Jan M van Ree4, Jurg Ott5, Mary J Kreek1. 1. Laboratory of The Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 3. Parnassia Addiction Research Centre (Brijder Addiction Treatment), PO Box 53002, 2505 AA The Hague, The Netherlands. 4. Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. 5. Laboratory of Statistical Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Abstract
Aim: Heroin addiction is a chronic, relapsing disease that has genetic and environmental, including drug-induced, contributions. Stress influences the development of addictions. This study was conducted to determine if variants in stress-related genes are associated with opioid dependence (OD). Patients & methods: One hundred and twenty variants in 26 genes were analyzed in 597 Dutch subjects. Patients included 281 OD in methadone maintenance with or without heroin-assisted treatment and 316 controls. Results: Twelve SNPs in seven genes showed a nominally significant association with OD. Experiment-wise significant associations (p < 0.05) were found for three SNP pairs, through an interaction effect: NPY1R/GAL rs4691910/rs1893679, NPY1R/GAL rs4691910/rs3136541 and GALR1/GAL rs9807208/rs3136541. Conclusion: This study lends more evidence to previous reports of association of stress-related variants with heroin dependence.
Aim: Heroin addiction is a chronic, relapsing disease that has genetic and environmental, including drug-induced, contributions. Stress influences the development of addictions. This study was conducted to determine if variants in stress-related genes are associated with opioid dependence (OD). Patients & methods: One hundred and twenty variants in 26 genes were analyzed in 597 Dutch subjects. Patients included 281 OD in methadone maintenance with or without heroin-assisted treatment and 316 controls. Results: Twelve SNPs in seven genes showed a nominally significant association with OD. Experiment-wise significant associations (p < 0.05) were found for three SNP pairs, through an interaction effect: NPY1R/GALrs4691910/rs1893679, NPY1R/GALrs4691910/rs3136541 and GALR1/GALrs9807208/rs3136541. Conclusion: This study lends more evidence to previous reports of association of stress-related variants with heroin dependence.
Entities:
Keywords:
GAL; GALR1; NPY1R; case–control association study; opioid dependence
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