Young Su Joo1, Hyung Woo Kim2, Sangmi Lee2, Ki Heon Nam3, Hae-Ryong Yun4, Jong Hyun Jhee5, Seung Hyeok Han2, Tae-Hyun Yoo2, Shin-Wook Kang6, Jung Tak Park7. 1. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 3. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Integrated Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 4. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 5. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 6. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 7. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jtpark@yuhs.ac.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Previous studies have shown that dietary zinc intake is closely related to cardiovascular complications and metabolic derangements. However, the effect of dietary zinc intake on renal function is not fully elucidated. METHODS: Data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were used. Dietary zinc intake was assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire and dietary zinc density was calculated as absolute zinc intake amount per daily energy intake (mg/1000 kcal day). The participants were categorized into quartiles according to dietary zinc density. The primary end point was incident chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. RESULTS: A total of 7735 participants with normal renal function was included in the final analysis. The mean age was 52.0 ± 8.8 years, 47.5% were male, and mean eGFR was 92.1 ± 16.1 ml/min/1.73 m2. The mean daily zinc intake and zinc intake density were 8.6 ± 3.4 mg and 4.4 ± 0.9 mg/1000 kcal, respectively. During a median follow up of 11.5 (1.7-12.5) years and 70,617 person-years of observation, CKD developed in 1409 (18.2%) participants. Multivariable cox hazard analysis revealed that risk for CKD development was significantly higher in the quartile with a mean zinc intake density of 3.6 ± 0.2 mg/1000 kcal compared with the quartile with a mean zinc intake density of 5.6 ± 1.0 mg/1000 kcal (Hazard ratio; 1.36; 95% Confidence Interval 1.18-1.58; P < 0.001). This relationship remained significant even after adjustments for confounding factors. CONCLUSION: Low dietary zinc intake may increase the risk of CKD development in individuals with normal renal function.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Previous studies have shown that dietary zinc intake is closely related to cardiovascular complications and metabolic derangements. However, the effect of dietary zinc intake on renal function is not fully elucidated. METHODS: Data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were used. Dietary zinc intake was assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire and dietary zinc density was calculated as absolute zinc intake amount per daily energy intake (mg/1000 kcal day). The participants were categorized into quartiles according to dietary zinc density. The primary end point was incident chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. RESULTS: A total of 7735 participants with normal renal function was included in the final analysis. The mean age was 52.0 ± 8.8 years, 47.5% were male, and mean eGFR was 92.1 ± 16.1 ml/min/1.73 m2. The mean daily zinc intake and zinc intake density were 8.6 ± 3.4 mg and 4.4 ± 0.9 mg/1000 kcal, respectively. During a median follow up of 11.5 (1.7-12.5) years and 70,617 person-years of observation, CKD developed in 1409 (18.2%) participants. Multivariable cox hazard analysis revealed that risk for CKD development was significantly higher in the quartile with a mean zinc intake density of 3.6 ± 0.2 mg/1000 kcal compared with the quartile with a mean zinc intake density of 5.6 ± 1.0 mg/1000 kcal (Hazard ratio; 1.36; 95% Confidence Interval 1.18-1.58; P < 0.001). This relationship remained significant even after adjustments for confounding factors. CONCLUSION: Low dietary zinc intake may increase the risk of CKD development in individuals with normal renal function.
Authors: Meng-Chuan Huang; Szu-Chun Hung; Tsen-Hua Tai; Ting-Yun Lin; Chiao-I Chang; Chih-Cheng Hsu Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-09-22 Impact factor: 4.614