Group Sparse Joint Non-Negative Matrix Factorization on Orthogonal Subspace for Multi-Modal Imaging Genetics Data Analysis.

With the development of multi-model neuroimaging technology and gene detection technology, the efforts of integrating multi-model imaging genetics data to explore the virulence factors of schizophrenia (SZ) are still limited. To address this issue, we propose a novel algorithm called group sparse of joint non-negative matrix factorization on orthogonal subspace (GJNMFO). Our algorithm fuses single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, function magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data and epigenetic factors (DNA methylation) by projecting three-model data into a common basis matrix and three different coefficient matrices to identify risk genes, epigenetic factors and abnormal brain regions associated with SZ. Specifically, we introduce orthogonal constraints on the basis matrix to discard unimportant features in the row of coefficient matrices. Since imaging genetics data have rich group information, we draw into group sparse on three coefficient matrices to make the extracted features more accurate. Both the simulated and real Mind Clinical Imaging Consortium (MCIC) datasets are performed to validate our approach. Simulation results show that our algorithm works better than other competing methods. Through the experiments of MCIC datasets, GJNMFO reveals a set of risk genes, epigenetic factors and abnormal brain functional regions, which have been verified to be both statistically and biologically significant.