The human erg gene maps to chromosome 21, band q22: relationship to the 8; 21 translocation of acute myelogenous leukemia.

There is accumulating evidence to support that genes on chromosome 21 play an important role in the development of pathologies associated with leukemia, Down's syndrome, and Alzheimer's disease. We have previously described erg, a human gene related to the ets oncogene. In this study, we have regionally assigned the erg gene to chromosome 21q22.3 by using somatic cell hybrids and in situ hybridization analysis. In light of this chromosome assignment, the relationship of erg to the 21q translocation breakpoint characteristic of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) was considered. By using a DNA probe that is specific for the erg gene, a panel of rodent-human cell hybrids was analyzed by the Southern technique to study specific chromosome translocations occurring in acute myeloblastic leukemia. The erg gene was found to translocate from chromosome 21 to 8 in the t(8; 21) (q22; q22), a non-random translocation found in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia of the subgroup M2 (AML-M2). The localization of the erg gene to chromosome 21q22 raises the possibility that this gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of AML-M2.