Identification and molecular cloning of a 70 kDa species-specific antigen common to Clostridium difficile.

Three common antigens (CB 1, 2 and 3), characteristic of Clostridium difficile species were identified by immunoblot analysis using homologous and heterologous rabbit antisera, raised against whole cells from 9 distinct strains of C. difficile. A gene library of C. difficile genomic DNA was constructed in Escherichia coli by cloning in Sau 3A-cleaved clostridial DNA fragments into the bacteriophage vector lambda EMBL3. OUt of 3000 plaques screened using the whole cell antisera, 27 clones were positively identified. One of these clones, designated gamma Cd21, expressed high levels of an antigen which could be immunologically identified using whole cell antisera against the 9 C. difficile strains. Antiserum raised against the clone gamma Cd21 identified a 70 kDa antigen (previously named CB1) as demonstrated by immunoblot analysis. Monospecific antiserum against gamma Cd21 recognises the 70 kDa antigen in all 97 strains of C. difficile derived from worldwide sources and does not cross-react with 17 strains from 13 other clostridial species.