Literature DB >> 32733139

Checklist and distribution of Collembola from Greater Puerto Rico.

Claudia Marcela Ospina-Sánchez1, Felipe N Soto-Adames2, Grizelle González1.   

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Springtails (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Collembola) are small arthropods commonly found in soil, litter and other habitats all around the Globe. More than 9,000 species have been described worldwide, but knowledge about their diversity and distribution remains far from complete. Reports of springtail diversity in the Antilles are uneven, some islands are relatively well known, whereas others have not been explored at all. The fauna of Puerto Rico is reasonably well known, but many recent reports are scattered in published literature and unpublished theses. NEW INFORMATION: Here, we present a summary of all springtail species identified from the Bank of Puerto Rico, including unpublished records. As a result, we list 146 species including 43 unnamed, included in 65 genera and 17 families. Most species, 33, belong to Entomobryidae, but this possibly reflects the taxonomic expertise of specialists working in Puerto Rico rather than a real bias in the distribution of higher taxa in the islands. In addition to the new records, the database provides information on the world and local distribution of species listed. The dataset, presented here, is work in progress and will be updated as ongoing taxonomic inventories are completed.

Entities:  

Keywords:  Caribbean; Puerto Rico; Tropical Island.; database; distribution; historical data; literature; springtails

Year:  2020        PMID: 32733139      PMCID: PMC7365838          DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e52054

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Biodivers Data J        ISSN: 1314-2828


Introduction

The present checklist synthesises the occurrence and distribution of the springtail fauna of Greater Puerto Rico (i.e. Puerto Rico, Vieques, Culebra, Mona) and also makes and updates the available online dataset to the general scientific community through https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2018-0063 (Ospina-Sanchéz et al. 2019). Puerto Rico is an archipelago located in the north-eastern part of the Caribbean and has an area of approximately 8900 km2 in land. The main island accounts for approximately 8746 km2 of that area, whereas the islands of Vieques and Culebra account for 131 km2 and 26 km2, respectively. In the main island, the altitude varies between sea level and 1300 m a.s.l. Temperatures tend to decrease towards higher elevations along the centre of the main island (Ewel and Whitmore 1973) and the mean annual temperature ranges from 19 to 26°C. The ecological life zones of Puerto Rico include subtropical dry forests and subtropical rainforests, amongst other life zones described by Ewel and Whitmore (1973). In addition, the island can be divided into three major physiographic regions, based on topographic features, geologic structure and rock type: the coastal lowlands, the coastal hills and the central mountains (Helmer et al. 2002, Parés-Ramos et al. 2008). The first report of in Puerto Rico was made by Folsom (1927) who described two species. Wolcott (1948) reported seven genera and Wray (1953) included nine additional genera to the list. Mari Mutt (1976), Mari Mutt (1977), Mari Mutt (1979), Mari Mutt (1981), Mari Mutt (1982), Mari Mutt (1984), Mari Mutt (1985a), Mari Mutt (1985b), Mari Mutt (1986b), Mari Mutt (1987), Mari Mutt (1988), Mari Mutt (1986a) reported more than 60 species and described 27 new species from the Island. Soto-Adames (1988a), Soto-Adames (1988b), Soto-Adames (2002a) reported 39 from the US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico and described nine species. Samalot-Roque (2006) found 44 species in red mangrove forest () around the Island. Ospina-Sánchez (2011) found 35 species in a secondary forest in Mayagüez. Soto-Adames (unpublished data) identified 33 and Ospina-Sánchez (2019) identified 53 species from the Luquillo Experimental Forest. The present work updates the list of of Puerto Rico published by Mari Mutt (1982), where 39 genera and 59 species were listed, including their geographic distribution according to biogeographic zones in the world. In the present revision for from Puerto Rico, we include a list of species, historical reports and world and local distribution.

Materials and methods

The list of species recorded from Puerto Rico (Fig. 1) is based on bibliographic references (Folsom 1927, Wolcott 1948, Wray 1953, Mari Mutt 1976, Mari Mutt 1977, Mari Mutt 1979, Mari Mutt 1981, Mari Mutt 1982, Mari Mutt 1984, Mari Mutt 1985a, Mari Mutt 1985b, Mari Mutt 1986b, Mari Mutt 1987, Mari Mutt 1988, Soto-Adames 1988a, Soto-Adames 1988b, Soto-Adames 2002a), including species reported in two unpublished master theses reported here as new records for the fauna (Samalot-Roque 2006, Ospina-Sánchez 2011) and taxonomic identifications of altitudinal gradient experiments in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (Richardson et al. 2005, Ospina-Sánchez 2019). The collection location information for each species was obtained from the cited references, when available. The data for global distribution of species is based on Bellinger et al. (2019).
Figure 1.

Localisation of Puerto Rico in the great Caribbean Region.

Biogeographical distribution regions according to Good (1974), modified by Christiansen and Bellinger (1995) and Culik and Zeppelini (2003), were summarised for each species as follows: Boreal, Neotropical, South African, Paleotropical, Australian and Antarctic. Species distributed in four or more major regions are considered cosmopolitan (Abrantes et al. 2010, Mari Mutt 1982). The species distribution was extracted from Bellinger et al. (2019). The species reported exclusively from the Puerto Rico Bank were listed as Endemic. Nomenclatural organisation follows that of Bellinger et al. 2019. The fields given in the online database https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2018-0063 are: Family, genus, species, world distribution and Neotropical distribution, historical reports in Puerto Rico, life zone in P.R, location (municipality) and habitat (Ospina-Sanchéz et al. 2019). The list of the from Puerto Rico are presented here, include: Family, genus, species, world and local distribution and historical records.

Checklists

Checklist of from Puerto Rico

0408B694-E0BB-5ED8-807F-C9D7CAB23E8B (Bagnall, 1941) F5B1C268-F9FD-528E-A482-7923799CB13E

Distribution

Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico.

Notes

Reported by Mari Mutt 1982 as . 463EF932-F3DE-5BAD-814D-B5B71EDE5264 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, new record. (Stach, 1930) 69B65246-77A8-54FE-B4BB-05398B987F73 Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico: Ceiba, Guayama, Naguabo, Santa Isabel. Reported by Samalot-Roque 2006, new record. Axelson, 1900 9A965CD5-5787-58C8-9DD9-6194CD65F551 Boreal, Neotropical, Austral; Puerto Rico. Reported by Heatwole and Levins 1973. Salmon, 1951 CC1240DF-6DBB-5BD5-A3BA-39A6B55D2A5F Neotropical, Paleartic; Puerto Rico: Mayagüez. Reported by Samalot-Roque 2006, new record. da Gama, 1976 3005AB3A-83E0-5F9A-89A6-85F44B8EA8E2 Endemic; Puerto Rico. Reported by Da Gama 1976. Folsom, 1916 A00A99D9-E483-5E9B-9E09-EFBE2CD3C98E Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico: San Juan. Reported by Wolcott 1948, Samalot-Roque 2006. Mills, 1938 A364FC86-2B92-5757-840E-4AC29E183242 Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico. Reported by Da Gama 1976. BC3B3396-0486-5A4D-8AFB-3A4DCE39344A Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, new record. 154E60C5-9A6E-59B9-843A-F97F3B92C2AD Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, new record. 2CE45F80-AEDC-5B76-9E37-C9E64B2AF14F Mari Mutt, 1977 481149DF-E830-5BC0-90EE-EB1A61A594A6 Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico: Cayey, Luquillo. Reported by Mari Mutt 1977. Mills, 1934 91C5FE60-9BCF-5283-9C07-5B93739FC2E9 Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, new record. F45807F6-4D07-524C-AD93-FC9EF24AD709 Wray, 1953 EA41CD0C-89D2-5EA3-9837-925F29C2BE1D Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Luquillo, Mayagüez. Reported by Wray 1953, Samalot-Roque 2006, Ospina-Sánchez 2011, Soto-Adames (unpublished data). Gruia, 1983 8A550CC7-FBC6-5D2F-B878-469A6678D805 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Cabo Rojo, Guánica. Reported by Samalot-Roque 2006, new record. 2FC4C5CD-0BEF-5802-AE30-5638E7FCCC1F Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Soto-Adames (unpublished data), new record. FFB4A7D1-CDE1-587F-9FAB-C1677B3B2383 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, new record. 90D01416-E82A-5E01-BE50-2FD73C68EADB Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, new record. 7DA24243-48B6-5919-A929-B3CAC3C757FF Mari Mutt, 1976 F1559C6C-8C74-5D5A-956B-78D34A064893 Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico. Reported by Mari Mutt 1976. Palacios-Vargas, 1986 0C756A26-BDFD-5539-8F6C-1F90FC9C2D82 Neotropical; Puerto Rico. Reported by Palacios-Vargas 1986. Denis, 1931 595A475A-13AC-5F62-B5DB-1B752510A615 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Palacios-Vargas 1986. Cassagnau & Palacios-Vargas, 1983 3D90DC4E-20E7-54A9-BA68-D5B352BD9758 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Mayagüez. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2011, new record. Folsom, 1927 090D350F-3E43-55A9-AF39-40323E447270 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Mayagüez. Reported by Wray 1953 as , Samalot-Roque 2006, Ospina-Sánchez 2011. 783D260F-4765-52F3-A698-6BDA7BA28F9D Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Soto-Adames (unpublished data), new record. B2C74B9E-41DA-5B18-99D6-D1EBC079D127 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, new record. (Denis, 1929) 6160F4D0-5711-5A44-9B8E-D2BED7E51FC0 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Cayey, Luquillo, Maricao, Mayagüez. Reported by Mari Mutt 1977, Ospina-Sánchez 2011. 08A0F850-F2DA-5D87-95BB-D70B8352FCCF Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Soto-Adames (unpublished data), new record. Ospina-Sánchez, Palacios-Vargas & González, 2020 B322BCB7-740A-54F0-BC31-6D19325E2047 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, Ospina-Sánchez et al. 2020. ADA789EC-18D3-5D5C-A2C1-D34126C1007F Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, new record. Arlé, 1966 E0CEC7CE-3D79-546A-A142-895111CA48CF Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, new record. 122F3D1E-8FC3-5E1C-8FDB-BDE6CB958A09 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, new record. FC9BB18E-8643-5671-9911-565CB591FDC5 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, as a new record " n. subsp. caribeña". Börner, 1901 5D2E0733-D196-550C-8849-5E631E11CCEB Neotropical, Paleartic; Puerto Rico: Mayagüez. Reported by Samalot-Roque 2006, Ospina-Sánchez 2011, new record. 2D3B61D5-24EE-52B9-9BBB-A0CDAF228C88 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Soto-Adames (unpublished data), new record. 9A50A179-3F46-5ADD-9354-DF2538C31FD1 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, new record. 676D0AED-AAA1-5DEA-8F18-11B1B5FEFE7A Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, new record. Schuster, 1965 D5ECE55F-066C-550C-8DA3-0B85885D7C43 Neotropical, Paleartic; Puerto Rico: Aguadilla. Reported by Christiansen and Bellinger 1988, Samalot-Roque 2006. Mari Mutt, 1977 0FDCDAD6-ACB7-57C3-8364-1841F8BAAFE1 Holartic, Paleartic, Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Cayey, Guajacata, Luquillo, Quebradillas, San Sebastián. Reported by Mari Mutt 1977, Soto-Adames (unpublished data). Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980 19DD7A85-29F2-5D52-B3DF-B0092A1AEF94 Paleartic; Puerto Rico. Reported by Mari Mutt 1982. Hammer, 1953 3DFECF84-AEE1-5C75-AE73-FF9B17CB1B6E Holartic; Puerto Rico. Reported by Mari Mutt 1977. Palacios-Vargas & Soto-Adames, 2017 D2B1FF23-FE04-56BE-924A-D338D70082B0 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo, Maricao. Reported by Palacios-Vargas and Soto-Adames 2017. (Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980) BD1A7B1B-B4CA-503F-A3F1-131284F3BD8F Nearctic; Puerto Rico. Reported by Mari Mutt 1982 as . D9D2A23D-5087-5C46-BA82-044B367B7091 Reported by Soto-Adames (unpublished data), new record. 230318CA-74C2-5F31-A01F-CB80FCE8BF0D (Arlé, 1970) 085B9CD5-15DA-5048-9443-F3F57B2C7236 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Arecibo. Reported by Samalot-Roque 2006, new record. (Denis, 1931) 894D8FA6-2A6E-58EB-8C90-973C40D9128D Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Maricao, Mayagüez. Reported by Mari Mutt 1977 as . B73C3AEB-13BD-5561-8B84-19B0BA4D5595 Paleartic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo, Mayagüez. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2011, Soto-Adames (unpublished data), new record. (Denis, 1931) 768497E7-8FF5-50EA-897A-456AA9871064 Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Mari Mutt 1982 as . A52BD976-F634-566E-B145-7EFA375821A3 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, new record. (Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980) 24C341C5-F466-5498-BCFC-6411DB9451C0 Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico Reported by Palacios Vargas and Díaz 1995 as . FCF93DAA-D48F-5A9D-B067-FE848EFE929C 13217400-65BE-5FD5-8890-107C724834EF Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico. Reported by Mari Mutt 1982. (Rusek, 1967) 882C2E59-C3D0-50C6-A03B-324AABCADD03 Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico: Mayagüez. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2011, new record. Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980 03BBF93C-F328-5279-A9A0-D4285491BC63 Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, new record. 785A7C24-024F-500D-8072-7ECE937742CF Thibaud, 1993 77CCCAD6-F335-546A-9202-615C133A19A9 Neotropical; Puerto Rico. Reported by Christiansen and Bellinger 1988 as , Samalot-Roque 2006. Delamare Deboutteville, 1953 B5F84ADF-FDC3-5F7E-B082-F08EA8B911AD Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico. Reported by Christiansen and Bellinger 1988. Strenzke, 1958 3E11B8E4-DD56-55C1-AB0A-CC2A54BEF9D9 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Guánica, Guayama, Lajas, Patillas, Salinas, Santa Isabel. Reported by Samalot-Roque 2006, new record. (Axelson, 1900) 98F8CC9C-61A9-5F8C-9D70-4694DBA5DC96 Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico: Aguadilla, Arecibo, Cabo Rojo, Cayey, Ceiba, Guayama, Las Marias, Luquillo, Maricao, Mayagüez, Morovis, Río Grande, Toa Baja. Reported by Mari Mutt 1977 as Cryptophygus thermophilus, Samalot-Roque 2006, Ospina-Sánchez 2011. 4A90534C-10DE-5FB3-B01C-07F8F024791C Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico. Reported by Mari Mutt 1976. Denis, 1931 F1903C0F-48B6-5A01-8BEA-3A40A9A5758E Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico: Mayagüez. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2011, new record. Willem, 1902 652602E1-D413-5E69-8E3E-418D64219334 Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico. Reported by Peck 1974, Mari Mutt 1982. Wray, 1953 40C922C2-9A0A-56CF-A6D4-25E97E0BC024 Neotropical; Puerto Rico. Reported by Wray 1953. Denis, 1931 76A79071-00D5-594C-9745-FEDCE126E6F4 Tropical; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Soto-Adames (unpublished data), new record. (Denis, 1931) DAD521DF-A02D-54A9-AD32-9A0B658B6404 Neotropical, Austral, Paleartic; Puerto Rico: Arecibo, Cabo Rojo, Humacao, Mayagüez, Toa Baja. Reported by Samalot-Roque 2006, Ospina-Sánchez 2011, new record. Stach, 1922 9CC963BD-4350-5809-9BC6-44123532B32E Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico: Arecibo, Mayagüez, Moca, San Juan, Toa Baja. Reported by Mari Mutt 1977 as , Mari Mutt 1982, Samalot-Roque 2006, Ospina-Sánchez 2011. 212E7DC7-5626-5EDD-9F07-E1D05DE8C810 Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico: Mayagüez. Reported by Mari Mutt 1982, Ospina-Sánchez 2011. (Schäffer, 1896) F10C6E14-A0D8-5163-933C-E30FBEDEA85F Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico: Arecibo, Cabo Rojo, Humacao, Luquillo, Mayagüez, San Juan Toa Baja. Reported by Wray 1953, Samalot-Roque 2006, Ospina-Sánchez 2011, Soto-Adames 2005 (unpublished data). B7259822-08D6-56E0-A68B-5076420C6890 Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, new record. 82CC5674-D182-5F6D-B535-FD88BCE03159 Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico: Luquillo, Mayagüez. Reported by Mari Mutt 1976, Ospina-Sánchez 2011, Soto-Adames, 2005 (unpublished data). 37F108A1-337C-5CE9-8E08-1CB3254AD2EF Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, new record. (Christiansen & Bellinger, 1988) 8B0DBC24-6948-5B6C-8D66-87F26691FBCD Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Cabo Rojo, Ceiba, Toa Baja. Reported by Samalot-Roque 2006, new record. B49FD005-0D82-5451-82E2-E65D0583BB15 Soto-Adames, 1988 C52CDE92-C319-550C-A4B3-343776CD0F00 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Isla Mona. Reported by Soto-Adames 1988b. Soto-Adames, 1988 8B87F230-FC86-5858-A5F8-159CE69BFC65 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Guánica, Vieques. Reported by Soto-Adames 1988b. Soto-Adames, 1988 057C0024-D253-5F4F-A531-5570A1B3A3A5 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Aguadilla, Guajataca, Isla Mona, Vega Baja. Reported by Soto-Adames 1988b. Soto-Adames, 1988 053BE56A-EDC1-5109-98B9-5AB7C5617932 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Guánica, Vieques, Yabucoa. Reported by Soto-Adames 1988b. 807F9098-E5DD-5242-8150-AC33819DAD55 Mari Mutt, 1985 09D57104-5442-557D-9DC0-F18E19C2246E Endemic; Puerto Rico. Reported by Mari Mutt 1985a. Wray, 1953 977A24DA-7C74-522E-8414-54C5F3E8445D Endemic; Puerto Rico: Mayagüez. Reported by Mari Mutt 1979, Ospina-Sánchez 2011. (Mari Mutt, 1979) D2153588-8379-58C5-BDD5-C8457AB5B42A Endemic; Puerto Rico: Maricao, Mayagüez. Reported by Mari Mutt 1979. (Mari Mutt, 1985) 2317468E-6AAC-51AE-AB61-D3D07A758248 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Mayagüez. Reported by Mari Mutt 1985b, Ospina-Sánchez 2011. B233020F-69B1-5968-8A8F-AAEE792A0026 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Soto-Adames (unpublished data), new record. 9CC835A4-03E9-5DEC-9281-8432199A522E C2258673-F86A-51F8-9694-91552DB570D1 Neotropical, Holartic; Puerto Rico: Fajardo. Reported by Samalot-Roque 2006, new record. (Folsom, 1927) B1EAC128-006A-5482-9713-A5A35E3E047E Neotropical; Puerto Rico. Reported by Wolcott 1948 as , Soto-Adames 2002b. Soto-Adames, 2002 77525943-BA84-56FB-8B61-82491D176DFF Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Humacao, Toa Baja. Reported by Samalot-Roque 2006, new record. Soto-Adames, 2002 8ACF627B-28E4-5759-9AFC-60F9EC12BF5D Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Mayagüez, Luquillo, Orocovis. Reported by Soto-Adames 2002b, Ospina-Sánchez 2011. C95B178F-6FAC-5E28-9852-3D0F6E84B530 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, new record. (Börner, 1913) 3ED221CD-BB3F-5C90-8A00-3088EAB9FE9B Neotropical, Paleartic, Austral; Puerto Rico: Fajardo, Salinas. Reported by Mari Mutt 1982, Mari Mutt and Gruia 1983, Samalot-Roque 2006. Mari Mutt, 1986 2C7BCA04-820E-5A57-A9BF-C8FC6C5A9120 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Carolina, Cabo Rojo, Fajardo, Humacao, Río Grande. Reported by Mari Mutt 1986b, Soto-Adames 2002b, Samalot-Roque 2006. (Arlé, 1939) B70C55FF-0337-5757-94D1-B388C73707F9 Neotropical, Holartic; Puerto Rico: Cabo Rojo, Carolina, Ceiba, Guayama, Peñuelas, Salinas, San Juan, Santa Isabel. Reported by Mari Mutt 1986b, Samalot-Roque 2006. Soto-Adames, 2002 8E9A3A7D-7A87-5226-AC4E-61C02AA44746 Endemic; Puerto Rico. Reported by Soto-Adames 2002b. (Wray, 1953) CB81DD41-BFF0-583B-A985-1785ACBC376A Neotropical, Holartic; Puerto Rico: Guánica, Luquillo. Reported by Wray 1953, Mari Mutt 1986b, Samalot-Roque 2006. (Wray, 1953) 1C7C0ABB-EF74-5A82-9FDD-D9DFF2B91D8B Neotropical, Holartic; Puerto Rico: Bayamón, Guánica, Mayagüez. Reported by Mari Mutt 1986b as . Wray, 1953 BA4518C3-F83D-599F-A32F-0DCA21A7C29D Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Arecibo, Cayey, Guayama, Isabela, Las Marias, Luquillo, Manatí, Maricao, Mayagüez, Moca, Orocovis, Quebradillas, Río Grande, Utuado. Reported by Wray 1953, Mari Mutt 1986a, Soto-Adames 2002a, Ospina-Sánchez 2011, Ospina-Sánchez 2019. Mari Mutt, 1986 3C992F7F-3103-5F43-93C2-9C003333EBFB Endemic; Puerto Rico: Aibonito, Aguadilla, Arecibo, Cabo Rojo, Cayey, Coamo, Guánica, Manatí, Moca, Utuado, Villalba. Reported by Mari Mutt 1986a, Soto-Adames 2002a, Samalot-Roque 2006. Mari Mutt, 1986 CF6BEB03-DC06-52EE-A937-E03EA8B46011 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Cabo Rojo, Guánica, Mayagüez, Quebradillas. Reported by Mari Mutt 1986a. Mari Mutt, 1986 C8527B1F-3D17-5641-9333-6AD4D2DBC253 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Aguadilla, Cayey, Isabela, Luquillo, Manatí, Maricao, Mayagüez, Moca, Quebradillas, Río Grande, Utuado. Reported by Mari Mutt 1986a, Soto-Adames 2002a, Ospina-Sánchez 2011. Mari Mutt, 1986 D92F7C42-5918-546D-983F-CCA9DAD023F2 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Mayagüez. Reported by Mari Mutt 1986a, Soto-Adames 2002a, Ospina-Sánchez 2011. Mari Mutt, 1988 1B99E82E-D5CD-560B-9BE3-6EAF5C2B7333 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Aguadilla, Vieques. Reported by Mari Mutt 1988, Soto-Adames 2002a. Mari Mutt, 1986 72020E7B-4114-5EC7-B95A-4E3DECB93039 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Guánica, Mayagüez, Utuado. Reported by Mari Mutt 1986a, Soto-Adames 2002a, Ospina-Sánchez 2011. Mari Mutt, 1986 9E9D90AE-CA0F-546F-B56B-9B3DEE8BDC7D Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Cayey. Reported by Mari Mutt 1986a, Soto-Adames 2002a. Mari Mutt, 1986 73218575-4317-58ED-A5C8-1BAD262565BC Endemic; Puerto Rico: Cabo Rojo, Guánica, Toa Baja. Reported by Mari Mutt 1986a, Soto-Adames 2002a, Samalot-Roque 2006. Mari Mutt, 1986 6D7C5BB2-346A-5444-9DFF-798F86C1BDE7 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Carite, Luquillo, Orocovis, Salinas, Villalba. Reported by Mari Mutt 1986a, Soto-Adames 2002a. Folsom, 1927 11878589-B841-5616-9FF0-B90A24BB273D Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Adjuntas, Aguadilla, Arecibo, Barranquitas, Cabo Rojo, Caguas, Cayey, Ceiba, Coamo, Fajardo, Guayama, Humacao, Isabela, Manatí, Mayagüez, Morovis, Orocovis, Río Grande, Salinas, San Juan, San Sebastián, Toa Baja, Vega Baja. Reported by Folsom 1927, Mari Mutt 1986a, Soto-Adames 2002a, Samalot-Roque 2006, Ospina-Sánchez 2011. Mari Mutt, 1988 F8DEFCE9-1F49-53B7-B64A-1D577BF04EBA Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Mari Mutt 1988, Soto-Adames 2002a, Ospina-Sánchez 2019. Mari Mutt, 1988 E66E8964-C44C-5C1A-9E8C-66BFCC246489 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Aguadilla, Añasco, Arecibo, Caguas. Reported by Mari Mutt 1988, Soto-Adames 2002a. Mari Mutt, 1986 E2C25D8C-AE3B-518A-B023-BEC2E7BB91AD Endemic; Puerto Rico: Aguadilla, Mayagüez, San Sebastián. Reported by Mari Mutt 1986a, Soto-Adames 2002a. Ellis, 1967 C29003EE-9B9B-58FE-83FB-E51CC2E535E2 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Aguadilla, Caguas, Manatí, Mayagüez, Utuado, Villalba. Reported by Mari Mutt 1982, Mari Mutt 1986a, Soto-Adames 2002a, Samalot-Roque 2006, Ospina-Sánchez 2011. Christiansen & Luther, 1986 455CE984-03F2-5329-8ABF-D1D6173C4DF8 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Arecibo. Reported by Samalot-Roque 2006, new record. Mari Mutt, 1986 8CC0BDD2-8D89-55F6-B64E-3D74CB048B0D Endemic; Puerto Rico: Arecibo, Cayey, Ceiba, Guayama, Isabela, Las Marias, Luquillo, Mayagüez, Orocovis, Río Grande, Toa Baja. Reported by Mari Mutt 1986a, Soto-Adames 2002a, Samalot-Roque 2006, Ospina-Sánchez 2019, Soto-Adames, 2005 (unpublished data). Mari Mutt & Gruia, 1983 1994087A-15DC-5C3B-9444-66AB12BF09B4 Endemic; Puerto Rico. Reported by Mari Mutt and Gruia 1983. Mari Mutt & Gruia, 1983 1154D03F-3AD9-58BE-B13B-34F7F8B67AF0 Endemic; Puerto Rico. Reported by Mari Mutt and Gruia 1983. Massoud & Gruia, 1973 973358F7-82A1-52A2-8FF7-08084B3F6B08 Endemic; Puerto Rico. Reported by Mari Mutt 1982 as , Mari Mutt and Gruia 1983. Bonet, 1944 C6941A76-07C7-58DC-A198-B08299625031 Endemic; Puerto Rico. Reported by Mari Mutt 1977 as . (Wray, 1953) FE22CF98-2D83-5EFB-B2D9-1F6ABF1A3CDD Endemic; Puerto Rico. Reported by Wray 1953. 31A3639F-D739-5D89-B212-B86A5081A77A (Wray,1953) Mitra, 1975 11802DDB-D91D-537E-AAB1-3F56A59D66B6 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo, Mayagüez, Toa Baja. Reported by Wray 1953 as , Mari Mutt 1987, Samalot-Roque 2006, Ospina-Sánchez 2011. BFA291FE-E813-5DED-AB89-566E02054D20 Neotropical, Afrotropical; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Mari Mutt 1982. (Mari Mutt, 1987) 27A180B3-27E6-5B17-B5DC-70F86FA866C5 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Mayagüez. Reported by Mari Mutt 1987, Ospina-Sánchez 2011. (Wray, 1953) 7D6C998D-1858-5A2E-971F-37E5923753D4 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Mayagüez. Reported by Wray 1953 as , Ospina-Sánchez 2011, Ospina-Sánchez 2019. (Mari Mutt, 1987) 27931F87-FC3E-539B-9C26-9E5589E14308 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Mari Mutt 1987. (Mari Mutt, 1987) 90FA48E1-A262-5387-A2B3-D18C7A4F3643 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: San Juan. Reported by Mari Mutt 1987. (Mari Mutt, 1987) 4DF1CD1C-E70F-502A-9615-A2C265A62ACC Endemic; Puerto Rico. Reported by Mari Mutt 1987. Soto-Adames & Bellini, 2015 F532DB21-7DA0-531C-9018-51AB0EDFE5D9 Neotropical; Puerto Rico. Reported by Mari Mutt 1987 as , Soto-Adames and Bellini 2015. Denis, 1931 8FFF02CA-EF42-5531-B11D-DAB0BD42EDD5 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Aguadilla, Arecibo, Cabo Rojo, Luquillo, Mayagüez, Río Grande, Toa Baja. Reported by Mari Mutt 1982, Mari Mutt 1987, Samalot-Roque 2006, Ospina-Sánchez 2011, Soto-Adames 2005 (unpublished data). Folsom, 1927 7344ECBC-FBD9-5694-88DA-93F704156480 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Bayamón, Isabela, Peñuelas San Juan. Reported by Folsom 1927, Mari Mutt 1987. Folsom, 1927 6EFBB619-61CD-57D0-9D62-86731025A8FC Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Mayagüez. Reported by Wolcott 1948, Ospina-Sánchez 2011. Folsom, 1927 21A02917-46E1-5B8B-B0BF-6337C8C24E85 Paleartic, Boreal, Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Arecibo, Cabo Rojo, Ceiba, Mayagüez, Toa Baja, Vega Baja. Reported by Folsom 1927, Samalot-Roque 2006. 52E84939-3671-53B6-9A0F-6591EAF1C4E9 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, Soto-Adames (unpublished data), new record. F2B7547F-E823-5E19-907E-D1102B7AB75C Mari Mutt, 1984 9620B819-CB6C-5CC3-80BF-C7568929958C Endemic; Puerto Rico: Arecibo, Luquillo. Reported by Mari Mutt 1984, Ospina-Sánchez 2019. D5B6E143-942E-59EF-B99D-29D5EDBA6F0B FB2359E8-DE42-5D96-B031-6250FA15CD0B Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, new record. Denis, 1933 CB471663-A37D-5D3D-A082-45F8CB169CBC Neotropical, Paleartic; Puerto Rico: Adjuntas, Humacao, Mayagüez, San Sebastián. Reported by Mari Mutt 1977, Samalot-Roque 2006, Ospina-Sánchez 2011. D1540D98-4928-52AF-B642-7E5350A8F464 Soto-Adames, 1988 AC8CA1A9-547D-5669-88E3-F8401169E56F Endemic; Puerto Rico: Aibonito, Arecibo, Cayey, Las Marias, Mayagüez, Luquillo, Utuado, Villalba. Reported by Soto-Adames 1988a, Ospina-Sánchez 2011, Soto-Adames (unpublished data). Soto-Adames, 1988 469A153E-0013-5152-87D2-A2124A2A3DE2 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Aguadilla. Reported by Soto-Adames 1988a. (Schött, 1902) Betsch, 1980 96367E68-A35D-58E9-8685-6EFD20D96E11 Boreal, Neotropical, Paleartic; Puerto Rico: Aguadilla, Mayagüez. Reported by Samalot-Roque 2006, new record. Soto-Adames, 1988 9D1ED20A-33A7-56C0-91EB-BEB79021617C Endemic; Puerto Rico: Aguadilla, Arecibo, Guayama, Cabo Rojo, Coamo, Mayagüez, San Juan, Toa Baja. Reported by Soto-Adames 1988a, Samalot-Roque 2006. (Reuter, 1890) Betsch, 1980 30C09E7B-645E-54FC-B19D-B0FC857D44CF Boreal, Neotropical, Paleartic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo, Mayagüez. Reported by Soto-Adames 1988a, Ospina-Sánchez 2011, Soto-Adames (unpublished data). 207E5A0F-3661-5F58-8922-1E550BA04AA5 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Mayagüez, Toa Baja. Reported by Samalot-Roque 2006, new record. 1337902F-D6F4-5850-9EBF-B37CE45757FC Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Ceiba, Humacao, Mayagüez, Naguabo, Río Grande, San Juan, Toa Baja, Vega Baja. Reported by Samalot-Roque 2006, new record. 318AD05E-13B5-5E24-A467-4A4588DCCD16 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Mayagüez, Toa Baja. Reported by Samalot-Roque 2006, new record. 02616D44-F5F6-5CCC-8253-5F86C5D8D618 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Mayagüez. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2011, new record. 916AF289-9F35-5997-A86A-3BA6076A96B6 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Mayagüez. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2011, new record. 36D37377-F3CE-51F8-9F8B-AA111C87F4F1 DADD79BD-174C-5764-9AD3-265A69C5F5D8 Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Arecibo, Guayama, Lajas, Patillas. Reported by Samalot-Roque 2006, new record. A062862C-DB07-5BAD-B8A4-3E442ACBE58A Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Arecibo, Vega Baja. Reported by Samalot-Roque 2006, new record. 1E2739F8-1155-5699-8374-35E443FF288D Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Arecibo, Guayama, Lajas, Patillas. Reported by Samalot-Roque 2006, new record. B8839830-2CAD-5ADA-8017-1FD2A5A4494C Neotropical; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Soto-Adames (unpublished data), new record. 3F1C8FE3-C8E6-5A68-B413-FFBA202F90BC Wray, 1953 982FE70B-05AF-51DD-9DDE-7D8D80700B28 Endemic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Wray 1953, Ospina-Sánchez 2019. B77F5957-4950-502D-95FE-91C5D88E7A9C B2B14E35-9EB3-5B90-9396-072E30F278AA Neotropical, Paleartic; Puerto Rico: Cabo Rojo, Ceiba. Reported by Samalot-Roque 2006, new record. 60BBD986-5291-5E67-A243-463AF0E6D158 Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico: Isabela, Luquillo. Reported by Mari Mutt 1977, Soto-Adames (unpublished data). EA1E7B93-0277-57F4-BB66-404AFC6FF2ED (Folsom, 1901) Bonet, 1947 57991AFA-C60B-5BDB-B582-814607787C0D Boreal, Neotropical, Paleartic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Mari Mutt 1982, Soto-Adames (unpublished data). Najt, 1971 D5132ACC-2953-5044-84FD-2EF1C8A7A078 Cosmopolitan; Puerto Rico: Luquillo; Puerto Rico: Luquillo. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2019, new record. Folsom, 1896 FF6AAA2E-B369-5200-80B0-4BAEA4D32D24 Austral, Boreal, Neotropical, Paleartic; Puerto Rico: Luquillo, Mayagüez. Reported by Ospina-Sánchez 2011, Soto-Adames (unpublished data), new record.

Analysis

Of the 33 families of springtails recognised worldwide (Bellinger et al. (2019), 17 have been reported from Greater Puerto Rico. Amongst the major cosmopolitan families, only is not represented in the islands. Most small families, not reported from Greater Puerto Rico (i.e. , , , , and ), represent divergent lineages endemic to geographical regions distant from the Caribbean and are unlikely to be found here. is a Neotropical family of the small order that typically occur on epiphytic mosses. Mosses have not been widely sampled for springtails in Greater Puerto Rico and it is possible that Bretfeld, 1994 may still be found in the Islands. , are known from other Antilles (e.g. has been reported from Hispaniola and St. Croix) and they might likely occur in Greater Puerto Rico, although none has been recorded yet. Politically, the Island is divided into 78 municipalities, 45 of them covered in this database (Fig. 3). According to the present inventory, the largest number of species comes from Luquillo (70 spp.), followed by Mayagüez (47 spp.) and Arecibo (17 spp., Table 1). The fauna in Puerto Rico is distributed in three principal habitats: forests, littorals and caves. In this inventory, 127 species are reported in forests (including mangrove habitats). , , . and are reported from littorals habitats. , and were reported in caves. Amongst the listed species from Puerto Rico, 58 have Neotropical distribution, 54 are Endemic and 24 are present in more than three world regions.
Figure 3.

Distribution of the recorded species of in Puerto Rico, darker areas indicate higher number of species in the locality.

Table 1.

Municipalities sampled in Puerto Rico and number of species reported for each one.

Municipality No. of species Municipality No. of species Municipality No. of species
Adjuntas2Guajacata2Orocovis5
Aguadilla13Guánica10Patillas2
Aibonito2Guayama9Peñuelas2
Añasco1Humacao6Quebradillas4
Arecibo17Isabela5Río Grande7
Barranquitas1Isla Mona3Salinas6
Bayamón2Lajas2San Juan7
Cabo Rojo9Las Marias4San Sebastián4
Caguas3Luquillo70Santa Isabel2
Carite1Manatí5Toa Baja15
Carolina2Maricao8Utuado6
Cayey11Mayagüez47Vega Baja4
Ceiba14Moca4Vieques3
Coamo3Morovis1Villalba4
Fajardo3Naguabo2Yabucoa1
In the present dataset, we report that the most abundant order is with 73 species. Amongst , the family with the largest number of species is (33); followed by (17). with 51, the families (25) and (10) have the largest number of species (Table 2). In Neelipelona and , most families are represented by a single species, except for . Bourlet, 1839 (), is the genus best represented in the islands, with 14 species, followed by Yosii, 1966 () represented by 8 spp. (Fig. 2, Table 2).
Table 2.

Distribution of species in Puerto Rico.

FamilyGenusNo. GeneraNo. SpeciesNo. Localities
Hypogastruridae 4 11 7
Ceratophysella 1N.I.
Microgastrura 21
Paraxenylla 14
Xenylla 74
Odontellidae 2 2 2
Odontella 11
Superodontella 11
Brachystomellidae 1 6 4
Brachystomella 54
Folsomiella 11
Neanuridae 12 24 8
Friesea 31
Americanura 11
Arlesia 31
Neotropiella 24
Pronura 11
Hylaeanura 21
Micranurida 11
Pseudachorutes 43
Pseudanurida 1N.I
Paranura 35
Paleonura 12
Sensillanura 1N.I
Onychiuridae 4 6 4
Orthonychiurus 23
Onychiurus 12
Protaphorura 1N.I.
Thalassaporura 21
Tullbergiidae 2 3 2
Tullbergia 11
Mesaphorura 21
Isotomidae 11 17 24
Archisotoma 2N.I
Axelsonia 16
Hemisotoma 113
Proisotoma 1N.I.
Folsomina 11
Folsomia 2N.I.
Folsomides 36
Isotomodes 11
Isotomiella 28
Isotomurus 22
Psammisotoma 13
Actaletidae Spinactaletes 1 4 7
Orchesellidae 3 5 3
Dicranocentrus 22
Heteromurtella 23
Heteromurus 11
Entomobryidae 7 33 30
Calx 21
Entomobrya 36
Willowsia 12
Seira 513
Lepidocyrtus 1429
Pseudosinella 319
Sulcuncus 5N.I
Paronellidae 6 13 14
Campylothorax 13
Trogolaphysa 62
Lepidonella 1N.I.
Salina 212
Cyphoderus 27
Serroderus 11
Oncopoduridae Oncopodura 1 1 2
Collophoridae 2 2 5
Arrhopalites 11
Collophora 14
Dicyrtomidae 3 10 17
Ptenothrix 19
Dicyrtoma 11
Calvatomina 814
Sminthurididae Sphaeridia 1 3 6
Sminthuridae Sphyrotheca 2 1 1
Bourletielidae 2 2 3
Stenognathriopes 11
Bourletiella 12
Neelidae 2 3 2
Neelides 11
Neelus 22
N.I. No location Information
  2 in total

1.  Molecular phylogeny of the Puerto Rican Lepidocyrtus and Pseudosinella (Hexapoda: Collembola), a validation of Yoshii's "color pattern species".

Authors:  Felipe N Soto-Adames
Journal:  Mol Phylogenet Evol       Date:  2002-10       Impact factor: 4.286

2.  New species of Furculanurida (Collembola, Neanuridae, Pseudachorutinae) from the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico.

Authors:  Claudia M Ospina-Sánchez; José G Palacios-Vargas; Grizelle González
Journal:  Zookeys       Date:  2020-03-09       Impact factor: 1.546

  2 in total

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