Yeptain Leung1, Jennifer Oates2, Viktória Papp3, Siew-Pang Chan4. 1. Discipline of Speech Pathology, Department of Speech Pathology, Orthoptics and Audiology, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: 18347106@students.latrobe.edu.au. 2. Discipline of Speech Pathology, Department of Speech Pathology, Orthoptics and Audiology, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 3. School of Language, Social and Political Sciences, New Zealand Institute of Language, Brain and Behaviour, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. 4. Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Mathematics & Statistics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Abstract
AIMS: The aim of this study was to provide a description of normative speaking fundamental frequency (fos) characteristics for adult speakers of Australian English. The effects of age, sex, and geographical location on fos were also examined to assess whether variations existed. METHODS: fos data for 244 female and 135 male speakers aged 18-60 years from a recent large-scale corpus of Australian English were analyzed on a passage reading task. Creak phonation frequencies were first separated from the modal phonation frequencies algorithmically. Descriptive statistics were then generated for modal voice. RESULTS: The mixed effects linear regression model suggested that geographical location had no effect on fos (P = 0.0677). The multiple linear regression model suggested that both sex (P = 0.000) and age (P = 0.000) significantly predicted fos. fos of the female speakers was greater than males by 76 Hz, when accounted for by age, and for every increase in age by one year, fos decreased by 0.37 Hz. Normative data on fos were therefore provided with reference to speaker sex and age only. CONCLUSION: Both clinicians and researchers are provided with normative fos data for 18-60 year-old speakers of Australian English. These updated data have increased internal and external validity relative to previous literature. These increases were achieved by having a larger sample size, systematically sampling speakers of different age groups and geographical locations, sampling contemporary speakers of Australian English and excluding speakers with known concomitant factors that affect fos.
AIMS: The aim of this study was to provide a description of normative speaking fundamental frequency (fos) characteristics for adult speakers of Australian English. The effects of age, sex, and geographical location on fos were also examined to assess whether variations existed. METHODS: fos data for 244 female and 135 male speakers aged 18-60 years from a recent large-scale corpus of Australian English were analyzed on a passage reading task. Creak phonation frequencies were first separated from the modal phonation frequencies algorithmically. Descriptive statistics were then generated for modal voice. RESULTS: The mixed effects linear regression model suggested that geographical location had no effect on fos (P = 0.0677). The multiple linear regression model suggested that both sex (P = 0.000) and age (P = 0.000) significantly predicted fos. fos of the female speakers was greater than males by 76 Hz, when accounted for by age, and for every increase in age by one year, fos decreased by 0.37 Hz. Normative data on fos were therefore provided with reference to speaker sex and age only. CONCLUSION: Both clinicians and researchers are provided with normative fos data for 18-60 year-old speakers of Australian English. These updated data have increased internal and external validity relative to previous literature. These increases were achieved by having a larger sample size, systematically sampling speakers of different age groups and geographical locations, sampling contemporary speakers of Australian English and excluding speakers with known concomitant factors that affect fos.
Authors: Andrew Hall; Kosuke Kawai; Kelsey Graber; Grant Spencer; Christopher Roussin; Peter Weinstock; Mark S Volk Journal: BMJ Simul Technol Enhanc Learn Date: 2021-04-13