Particle Therapy: Protons and Heavy Ions.

Particle therapy is a comparatively new radiotherapy treatment form allowing the application of extremely conformal treatment plans. In head and neck malignancies, especially in the paranasal sinus and anterior skull base, this technology is very valuable in order to maintain normal tissue tolerance of critical structures while still applying high doses to the tumour. The following paper will further explore the rationale of particle therapy and available clinical experience of the most commonly treated malignancies arising in these anatomical sites. The potential of particle therapy for re-irradiation in tumours of the paranasal sinus and anterior skull base will also be summarised.