Ginsenoside Rg1 prevent and treat inflammatory diseases: A review.

Ginseng has been used as reinforcing drugs or for traditional Chinese medicine in aging, inflammation, stress, diabetes mellitus, hepatic diseases and cancer. The aim of this current review is to provide an integrative overview of the uses, relative human diseases and related mechanisms of ginseng. Nowadays, numerous animal experiments and clinical studies conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of ginseng components. Inflammation is an immune response that protects human from pathogens, toxins and other dangers, which is initiated by recognizing pathogen- or danger- associated molecular patterns. Inflammasomes are cytosolic protein complexes which form in response to challenges, which also controls the activity of caspase-1, important for maturation and release of cytokines. Ice protease-activating factor, oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 1 and absent in melanoma 2 inflammasome recognize peculiar substances, while NLRP3 inflammasome responds towards structurally and chemically diverse triggers. The functional relationship between ginsenosides and inflammasome provides new insight into the understanding of molecular mechanisms of ginsenoside-mediated anti-inflammatory actions. It also has applications regarding the development of anti-inflammatory remedies by ginsenoside-mediated targeting inflammasomes, which could prevent and treat inflammatory diseases.