Hanan H Balkhy1, Aiman El-Saed2, Majid M Alshamrani3, Asim Alsaedi4, Wafa Al Nasser5, Ayman El Gammal6, Sameera M Aljohany7, Yassen Arabi8, Saad Alqahtani8, Henry Baffoe Bonnie3, Adel Alothman9, Saad A Almohrij10. 1. Assistant Director-General for Antimicrobial Resistance, World Health Organization. Electronic address: balkhyh@who.int. 2. Infection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. 3. Infection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 4. Infection Prevention and Control Department, KAMC, MNGHA, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 5. Infection Prevention and Control Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, MNGHA, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. 6. Infection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA, Al hassa, Saudi Arabia. 7. King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology Medicine, KAMC, MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 8. King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Critical Care Medicine, KAMC, MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 9. King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine KAMC, MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 10. King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Surgery KAMC, MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: There is local and regional deficiency in the data examining the contribution of resistant pathogens to device-associated healthcare-associated infections (DA-HAIs). The objective was to examine such data in a multi-hospital system in Saudi Arabia in comparison with the US National Health Surveillance Network (NHSN). METHODS: Surveillance of DA-HAIs was prospectively conducted between 2008 and 2016 in four hospitals of Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs. Consecutive NHSN reports were used for comparisons. Definitions and methodology of DA-HAIs and bacterial resistance were based on NHSN. RESULTS: A total 1260 pathogens causing 1141 DA-HAI events were included. Gram negative pathogens (GNPs) were responsible for 62.5% of DA-HAIs, with a significantly higher Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter than NHSN hospitals. Approximately 28.3% of GNPs and 23.5% of gram positive pathogens (GPPs) had some type of resistance. Nearly 34.3% of Klebsiella were resistant to third/fourth generation cephalosporins, 4.8% of Enterobacteriaceae were carbapenem-resistant (CRE), 24.4% of Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant (MRSA), and 21.9% of Enterococci were vancomycin-resistant (VRE). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was 65.0% in Acinetobacter, 26.4% in Escherichia coli, 23.0% in Klebsiella, and 14.9% in Pseudomonas. Resistant GNPs including cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella, MDR Klebsiella, and MDR Escherichia coli were significantly more frequent while resistant GPPs including MRSA and VRE were significantly less frequent than NHSN hospitals. CONCLUSION: The current findings showed heavier and more resistant contribution of GNPs to DA-HAIs in Saudi hospitals compared with American hospitals. The higher resistance rates in Klebsiella and Escherichia coli are alarming and call for effective antimicrobial stewardship programs.
OBJECTIVES: There is local and regional deficiency in the data examining the contribution of resistant pathogens to device-associated healthcare-associated infections (DA-HAIs). The objective was to examine such data in a multi-hospital system in Saudi Arabia in comparison with the US National Health Surveillance Network (NHSN). METHODS: Surveillance of DA-HAIs was prospectively conducted between 2008 and 2016 in four hospitals of Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs. Consecutive NHSN reports were used for comparisons. Definitions and methodology of DA-HAIs and bacterial resistance were based on NHSN. RESULTS: A total 1260 pathogens causing 1141 DA-HAI events were included. Gram negative pathogens (GNPs) were responsible for 62.5% of DA-HAIs, with a significantly higher Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter than NHSN hospitals. Approximately 28.3% of GNPs and 23.5% of gram positive pathogens (GPPs) had some type of resistance. Nearly 34.3% of Klebsiella were resistant to third/fourth generation cephalosporins, 4.8% of Enterobacteriaceae were carbapenem-resistant (CRE), 24.4% of Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant (MRSA), and 21.9% of Enterococci were vancomycin-resistant (VRE). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was 65.0% in Acinetobacter, 26.4% in Escherichia coli, 23.0% in Klebsiella, and 14.9% in Pseudomonas. Resistant GNPs including cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella, MDR Klebsiella, and MDR Escherichia coli were significantly more frequent while resistant GPPs including MRSA and VRE were significantly less frequent than NHSN hospitals. CONCLUSION: The current findings showed heavier and more resistant contribution of GNPs to DA-HAIs in Saudi hospitals compared with American hospitals. The higher resistance rates in Klebsiella and Escherichia coli are alarming and call for effective antimicrobial stewardship programs.
Authors: J Francis Borgio; Alia Saeed Rasdan; Bayan Sonbol; Galyah Alhamid; Noor B Almandil; Sayed AbdulAzeez Journal: Biology (Basel) Date: 2021-11-06