Tuning the Oxidation States of Dopants: A Strategy for the Modulation of Material Photoluminescence Properties.

Doped single-phase materials have been widely investigated owing to their easy to implement synthesis and the variety of their properties. This Minireview covers strategies for the co-stabilization and the ratio control of several oxidation states of dopants inserted in the same host. The tuning of the oxidation states of dopants opens up many possibilities for the optimization of specific properties and can be envisioned for various applications such as telecommunication, medicine, displays, lasers or lighting. Technics used for the quantification of each valence state of dopant are also emphasized, and the importance of high throughput methods for the discovery of efficient materials with dopants in multiple valence states is discussed.