K Fontes1, F Courtin1, C V Rohlicek2, C Saint-Martin3, G Gilbert4, K Easson1, A Majnemer5,6, A Marelli7, M M Chakravarty8,9,10, M Brossard-Racine11,2,6,12. 1. From the Advances in Brain and Child Health Development Research Laboratory (K.F., F.C., K.E., M.B.-R.), Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology (C.V.R.). 3. Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Pediatric Radiology (C.S.-M.). 4. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology (A. Majnemer). 5. and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology (M.B.-R.), Montreal Children's Hospital McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 6. MR Clinical Science (G.G.), Philips Healthcare, Markham, Ontario, Canada. 7. School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (A. Majnemer, M.B.-R.). 8. Departments of Psychiatry (M.M.C.). 9. Biological and Biomedical Engineering (M.M.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 10. McGill Adult Unit for Congenital Heart Disease Excellence (A. Marelli), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 11. From the Advances in Brain and Child Health Development Research Laboratory (K.F., F.C., K.E., M.B.-R.), Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada marie.brossardracine@mcgill.ca. 12. Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory (M.M.C.), Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Congenital heart disease is a leading cause of neurocognitive impairment. Many subcortical structures are known to play a crucial role in higher-order cognitive processing. However, comprehensive anatomic characterization of these structures is currently lacking in the congenital heart disease population. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the morphometry and volume of the globus pallidus, striatum, and thalamus between youth born with congenital heart disease and healthy peers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited youth between 16 and 24 years of age born with congenital heart disease who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery before 2 years of age (n = 48) and healthy controls of the same age (n = 48). All participants underwent a brain MR imaging to acquire high-resolution 3D T1-weighted images. RESULTS: Smaller surface area and inward bilateral displacement across the lateral surfaces of the globus pallidus were concentrated anteriorly in the congenital heart disease group compared with controls (q < 0.15). On the lateral surfaces of bilateral thalami, we found regions of both larger and smaller surface areas, as well as inward and outward displacement in the congenital heart disease group compared with controls (q < 0.15). We did not find any morphometric differences between groups for the striatum. For the volumetric analyses, only the right globus pallidus showed a significant volume reduction (q < 0.05) in the congenital heart disease group compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports morphometric alterations in youth with congenital heart disease in the absence of volume reductions, suggesting that volume alone is not sufficient to detect and explain subtle neuroanatomic differences in this clinical population.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Congenital heart disease is a leading cause of neurocognitive impairment. Many subcortical structures are known to play a crucial role in higher-order cognitive processing. However, comprehensive anatomic characterization of these structures is currently lacking in the congenital heart disease population. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the morphometry and volume of the globus pallidus, striatum, and thalamus between youth born with congenital heart disease and healthy peers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited youth between 16 and 24 years of age born with congenital heart disease who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery before 2 years of age (n = 48) and healthy controls of the same age (n = 48). All participants underwent a brain MR imaging to acquire high-resolution 3D T1-weighted images. RESULTS: Smaller surface area and inward bilateral displacement across the lateral surfaces of the globus pallidus were concentrated anteriorly in the congenital heart disease group compared with controls (q < 0.15). On the lateral surfaces of bilateral thalami, we found regions of both larger and smaller surface areas, as well as inward and outward displacement in the congenital heart disease group compared with controls (q < 0.15). We did not find any morphometric differences between groups for the striatum. For the volumetric analyses, only the right globus pallidus showed a significant volume reduction (q < 0.05) in the congenital heart disease group compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports morphometric alterations in youth with congenital heart disease in the absence of volume reductions, suggesting that volume alone is not sufficient to detect and explain subtle neuroanatomic differences in this clinical population.
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