Kathleen E DelGiorno1, Chi-Yeh Chung2, Vera Vavinskaya3, H Carlo Maurer4, Sammy Weiser Novak5, Nikki K Lytle2, Zhibo Ma2, Rajshekhar R Giraddi2, Dezhen Wang6, Linjing Fang5, Razia F Naeem2, Leonardo R Andrade5, Wahida H Ali2, Hubert Tseng7, Crystal Tsui2, Vikas B Gubbala2, Maya Ridinger-Saison2, Makoto Ohmoto8, Galina A Erikson9, Carolyn O'Connor10, Maxim Nikolaievich Shokhirev9, Nasun Hah11, Yoshihiro Urade12, Ichiro Matsumoto8, Susan M Kaech7, Pankaj K Singh6, Uri Manor5, Kenneth P Olive13, Geoffrey M Wahl14. 1. Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California. Electronic address: kathleen.delgiorno@vanderbilt.edu. 2. Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California. 3. Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California. 4. Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany. 5. Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Insitute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California. 6. Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska. 7. Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, Califonia. 8. Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 9. Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California. 10. Flow Cytometry Core, Salk Insitute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California. 11. Next Generation Sequencing Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California. 12. Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan. 13. Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York. 14. Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California. Electronic address: wahl@salk.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) involves acinar to ductal metaplasia and genesis of tuft cells. It has been a challenge to study these rare cells because of the lack of animal models. We investigated the role of tuft cells in pancreatic tumorigenesis. METHODS: We performed studies with LSL-KrasG12D/+;Ptf1aCre/+ mice (KC; develop pancreatic tumors), KC mice crossed with mice with pancreatic disruption of Pou2f3 (KPouC mice; do not develop tuft cells), or mice with pancreatic disruption of the hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase gene (Hpgds, KHC mice) and wild-type mice. Mice were allowed to age or were given caerulein to induce pancreatitis; pancreata were collected and analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, RNA sequencing, ultrastructural microscopy, and metabolic profiling. We performed laser-capture dissection and RNA-sequencing analysis of pancreatic tissues from 26 patients with pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), 19 patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), and 197 patients with PDA. RESULTS: Pancreata from KC mice had increased formation of tuft cells and higher levels of prostaglandin D2 than wild-type mice. Pancreas-specific deletion of POU2F3 in KC mice (KPouC mice) resulted in a loss of tuft cells and accelerated tumorigenesis. KPouC mice had increased fibrosis and activation of immune cells after administration of caerulein. Pancreata from KPouC and KHC mice had significantly lower levels of prostaglandin D2, compared with KC mice, and significantly increased numbers of PanINs and PDAs. KPouC and KHC mice had increased pancreatic injury after administration of caerulein, significantly less normal tissue, more extracellular matrix deposition, and higher PanIN grade than KC mice. Human PanIN and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm had gene expression signatures associated with tuft cells and increased expression of Hpgds messenger RNA compared with PDA. CONCLUSIONS: In mice with KRAS-induced pancreatic tumorigenesis, loss of tuft cells accelerates tumorigenesis and increases the severity of caerulein-induced pancreatic injury, via decreased production of prostaglandin D2. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that tuft cells are a metaplasia-induced tumor attenuating cell type.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) involves acinar to ductal metaplasia and genesis of tuft cells. It has been a challenge to study these rare cells because of the lack of animal models. We investigated the role of tuft cells in pancreatic tumorigenesis. METHODS: We performed studies with LSL-KrasG12D/+;Ptf1aCre/+ mice (KC; develop pancreatic tumors), KC mice crossed with mice with pancreatic disruption of Pou2f3 (KPouC mice; do not develop tuft cells), or mice with pancreatic disruption of the hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase gene (Hpgds, KHCmice) and wild-type mice. Mice were allowed to age or were given caerulein to induce pancreatitis; pancreata were collected and analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, RNA sequencing, ultrastructural microscopy, and metabolic profiling. We performed laser-capture dissection and RNA-sequencing analysis of pancreatic tissues from 26 patients with pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), 19 patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), and 197 patients with PDA. RESULTS: Pancreata from KC mice had increased formation of tuft cells and higher levels of prostaglandin D2 than wild-type mice. Pancreas-specific deletion of POU2F3 in KC mice (KPouC mice) resulted in a loss of tuft cells and accelerated tumorigenesis. KPouC mice had increased fibrosis and activation of immune cells after administration of caerulein. Pancreata from KPouC and KHCmice had significantly lower levels of prostaglandin D2, compared with KC mice, and significantly increased numbers of PanINs and PDAs. KPouC and KHCmice had increased pancreatic injury after administration of caerulein, significantly less normal tissue, more extracellular matrix deposition, and higher PanIN grade than KC mice. Human PanIN and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm had gene expression signatures associated with tuft cells and increased expression of Hpgds messenger RNA compared with PDA. CONCLUSIONS: In mice with KRAS-induced pancreatic tumorigenesis, loss of tuft cells accelerates tumorigenesis and increases the severity of caerulein-induced pancreatic injury, via decreased production of prostaglandin D2. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that tuft cells are a metaplasia-induced tumor attenuating cell type.
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