Abdulrahman A Balhaddad1,2, Isadora M Garcia1,3, Maria Salem Ibrahim1,4, Juliana P M L Rolim5, Edison A B Gomes5, Frederico C Martinho6, Fabricio M Collares3, Hockin Xu1,7, Mary Anne S Melo1,8. 1. PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 2. Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. 3. Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. 4. Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. 5. Department of Dentistry, Christus University Center (Unichristus), Fortaleza, Brazil. 6. Endodontic Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 7. Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 8. Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Abstract
Objective: This review clusters the growing field of nano-based platforms for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) targeting pathogenic oral biofilms and increase interactions between dental researchers and investigators in many related fields. Background data: Clinically relevant disinfection of dental tissues is difficult to achieve with aPDT alone. It has been found that limited penetrability into soft and hard dental tissues, diffusion of the photosensitizers, and the small light absorption coefficient are contributing factors. As a result, the effectiveness of aPDT is reduced in vivo applications. To overcome limitations, nanotechnology has been implied to enhance the penetration and delivery of photosensitizers to target microorganisms and increase the bactericidal effect. Materials and methods: The current literature was screened for the various platforms composed of photosensitizers functionalized with nanoparticles and their enhanced performance against oral pathogenic biofilms. Results: The evidence-based findings from the up-to-date literature were promising to control the onset and the progression of dental biofilm-triggered diseases such as dental caries, endodontic infections, and periodontal diseases. The antimicrobial effects of aPDT with nano-based platforms on oral bacterial disinfection will help to advance the design of combination strategies that increase the rate of complete and durable clinical response in oral infections. Conclusions: There is enthusiasm about the potential of nano-based platforms to treat currently out of the reach pathogenic oral biofilms. Much of the potential exists because these nano-based platforms use unique mechanisms of action that allow us to overcome the challenging of intra-oral and hard-tissue disinfection.
Objective: This review clusters the growing field of nano-based platforms for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) targeting pathogenic oral biofilms and increase interactions between dental researchers and investigators in many related fields. Background data: Clinically relevant disinfection of dental tissues is difficult to achieve with aPDT alone. It has been found that limited penetrability into soft and hard dental tissues, diffusion of the photosensitizers, and the small light absorption coefficient are contributing factors. As a result, the effectiveness of aPDT is reduced in vivo applications. To overcome limitations, nanotechnology has been implied to enhance the penetration and delivery of photosensitizers to target microorganisms and increase the bactericidal effect. Materials and methods: The current literature was screened for the various platforms composed of photosensitizers functionalized with nanoparticles and their enhanced performance against oral pathogenic biofilms. Results: The evidence-based findings from the up-to-date literature were promising to control the onset and the progression of dental biofilm-triggered diseases such as dental caries, endodontic infections, and periodontal diseases. The antimicrobial effects of aPDT with nano-based platforms on oral bacterial disinfection will help to advance the design of combination strategies that increase the rate of complete and durable clinical response in oral infections. Conclusions: There is enthusiasm about the potential of nano-based platforms to treat currently out of the reach pathogenic oral biofilms. Much of the potential exists because these nano-based platforms use unique mechanisms of action that allow us to overcome the challenging of intra-oral and hard-tissue disinfection.
Authors: Abdulrahman A Balhaddad; Mohammed S AlQranei; Maria S Ibrahim; Michael D Weir; Frederico C Martinho; Hockin H K Xu; Mary Anne S Melo Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2020-10-15 Impact factor: 5.923