Kyungmee Park1,2, Daol Cho3, Eun Lee1, Junsol Kim4, Jee-Seon Shim5,6, Yoosik Youm4, Suk Kyoon An1, Kee Namkoong1, Hyeon Chang Kim5. 1. Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 2. Department of Hospital Medicine, Yongin Dongbaek Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 3. Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 4. Department of Sociology, Yonsei University College of Social Sciences, Seoul, Korea. 5. Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 6. Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Social relationships are an understudied factor affecting insomnia. In particular, these effects have not been evaluated in the context of sex differences. In this study, we investigated differences between sexes with regard to the association between insomnia symptoms and social relationships. METHODS: We used data from 2681 middle-aged adults (aged 40-64 years; females, 68.8%) from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center project. Insomnia symptoms were defined as difficulty with sleep induction or maintenance ≥3 nights per week. We assessed social network size and bridging potentials as indicators of social relationships. Social network size is a quantitative measure of the size of social relationships, and bridging potential is a qualitative indicator of the diversity and independence of these relationships. Multivariate regression analysis controlling for confounding factors was performed to evaluate associations between social relationships and insomnia symptoms. RESULTS: Smaller social network size was significantly associated with sleep induction (adjusted odds ratio = 0.866, P = .015) and sleep maintenance (adjusted odds ratio = 0.862, P = .015) difficulties, but only in men. Poor bridging potential was also associated with sleep induction (adjusted odds ratio = 0.321, P = .024) and maintenance (adjusted odds ratio = 0.305, P = .031) difficulties only in men. For women, social relationship variables were not significantly associated with insomnia symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The association between insomnia symptoms and social relationships varied by sex, as noted by statistical analyses accounting for covariates affecting insomnia symptoms. These results suggest that qualitative assessments of social relationship variables should be considered in clinical practice, since these variables can be interpreted differently for men and women.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Social relationships are an understudied factor affecting insomnia. In particular, these effects have not been evaluated in the context of sex differences. In this study, we investigated differences between sexes with regard to the association between insomnia symptoms and social relationships. METHODS: We used data from 2681 middle-aged adults (aged 40-64 years; females, 68.8%) from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center project. Insomnia symptoms were defined as difficulty with sleep induction or maintenance ≥3 nights per week. We assessed social network size and bridging potentials as indicators of social relationships. Social network size is a quantitative measure of the size of social relationships, and bridging potential is a qualitative indicator of the diversity and independence of these relationships. Multivariate regression analysis controlling for confounding factors was performed to evaluate associations between social relationships and insomnia symptoms. RESULTS: Smaller social network size was significantly associated with sleep induction (adjusted odds ratio = 0.866, P = .015) and sleep maintenance (adjusted odds ratio = 0.862, P = .015) difficulties, but only in men. Poor bridging potential was also associated with sleep induction (adjusted odds ratio = 0.321, P = .024) and maintenance (adjusted odds ratio = 0.305, P = .031) difficulties only in men. For women, social relationship variables were not significantly associated with insomnia symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The association between insomnia symptoms and social relationships varied by sex, as noted by statistical analyses accounting for covariates affecting insomnia symptoms. These results suggest that qualitative assessments of social relationship variables should be considered in clinical practice, since these variables can be interpreted differently for men and women.
Authors: Elizabeth G Ibarra-Coronado; Ana Ma Pantaleón-Martínez; Javier Velazquéz-Moctezuma; Oscar Prospéro-García; Mónica Méndez-Díaz; Mayra Pérez-Tapia; Lenin Pavón; Jorge Morales-Montor Journal: J Immunol Res Date: 2015-08-31 Impact factor: 4.818
Authors: Eero Vuoksimaa; Juha O Rinne; Noora Lindgren; Kauko Heikkilä; Markku Koskenvuo; Jaakko Kaprio Journal: Alzheimers Dement (Amst) Date: 2016-09-14