Margarita M Maramis1, Marlina S Mahajudin2, Junaidi Khotib3. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia, margarit@indosat.net.id. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia. 3. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Depressive disorders are the 4th leading cause of health problems and the 2nd leading cause of burden among all diseases. Almost all depressive disorder patients have cognitive impairments to a certain extend. Studies about cognitive impairments in depression had been conducted, but whether cognitive dysfunctions are the cause or the effect is still not clear. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the process of working memory and cognitive flexibility impairments in a rat model of depression. METHODS: In this experimental study, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used as a model of depression in 30 rats (Rattus novergicus). Cognitive function was assessed with the Morris water maze and attentional set shifting test. RESULTS: This study found a significant difference on day 21 in working memory (p = 0.002) and cognitive flexibility (p = 0.036), which continued to day 41 in working memory (p = 0.001) and cognitive flexibility (p = 0.020). In the CUMS model of depression, parameters peak on day 41 and reveal parameter changes in weight gain (p = 0.018), food intake (p < 0.001), changes in food intake (p = 0.001), and the sucrose preference (p = 0.005), elevated plus maze (p = 0.001), and light dark box tests (p = 0.020). CONCLUSION: In a rat model of depression, cognitive impairment preceded depression, but it might be caused by anxiety-like behavior that occurred in early stimulation of chronic unpredictable mild stress. The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.
INTRODUCTION:Depressive disorders are the 4th leading cause of health problems and the 2nd leading cause of burden among all diseases. Almost all depressive disorderpatients have cognitive impairments to a certain extend. Studies about cognitive impairments in depression had been conducted, but whether cognitive dysfunctions are the cause or the effect is still not clear. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the process of working memory and cognitive flexibility impairments in a rat model of depression. METHODS: In this experimental study, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used as a model of depression in 30 rats (Rattus novergicus). Cognitive function was assessed with the Morris water maze and attentional set shifting test. RESULTS: This study found a significant difference on day 21 in working memory (p = 0.002) and cognitive flexibility (p = 0.036), which continued to day 41 in working memory (p = 0.001) and cognitive flexibility (p = 0.020). In the CUMS model of depression, parameters peak on day 41 and reveal parameter changes in weight gain (p = 0.018), food intake (p < 0.001), changes in food intake (p = 0.001), and the sucrose preference (p = 0.005), elevated plus maze (p = 0.001), and light dark box tests (p = 0.020). CONCLUSION: In a rat model of depression, cognitive impairment preceded depression, but it might be caused by anxiety-like behavior that occurred in early stimulation of chronic unpredictable mild stress. The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cognitive impairment; Correlation of time; Depression
Authors: A J Thomas; P Gallagher; L J Robinson; R J Porter; A H Young; I N Ferrier; J T O'Brien Journal: Psychol Med Date: 2008-07-30 Impact factor: 7.723
Authors: Huiping Zhang; Henry R Kranzler; James Poling; Jeffrey R Gruen; Joel Gelernter Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology Date: 2009-07-15 Impact factor: 7.853
Authors: Manoj K Doss; Michal Považan; Monica D Rosenberg; Nathan D Sepeda; Alan K Davis; Patrick H Finan; Gwenn S Smith; James J Pekar; Peter B Barker; Roland R Griffiths; Frederick S Barrett Journal: Transl Psychiatry Date: 2021-11-08 Impact factor: 6.222