Julie C Fitzgerald1,2, Michelle E Ross3, Neal J Thomas4, Scott L Weiss5,6, Fran Balamuth7,8, Marianne Chilutti9, Robert W Grundmeier8,9, Amanda Hyre Anderson10. 1. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. fitzgeraldj@email.chop.edu. 2. Department of Anesthesiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., 6th Floor Wood Building, Room 6117, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. fitzgeraldj@email.chop.edu. 3. Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 4. Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA. 5. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 6. Department of Anesthesiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., 6th Floor Wood Building, Room 6117, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. 7. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 8. Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 9. Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 10. Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine how hypotension in the first 48 h of sepsis management impacts acute kidney injury (AKI) development and persistence. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of patients > 1 month to < 20 years old with sepsis in a pediatric ICU between November 2012 and January 2015 (n = 217). All systolic blood pressure (SBP) data documented within 48 h after sepsis recognition were collected and converted to percentiles for age, sex, and height. Time below SBP percentiles and below pediatric advanced life support (PALS) targets was calculated by summing elapsed time under SBP thresholds during the first 48 h. The primary outcome was new or persistent AKI, defined as stage 2 or 3 AKI present between sepsis day 3-7 using Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes creatinine definitions. Secondary outcomes included AKI-free days (days alive and free of AKI) and time to kidney recovery. RESULTS: Fifty of 217 sepsis patients (23%) had new or persistent AKI. Patients with AKI spent a median of 35 min under the first SBP percentile, versus 4 min in those without AKI. After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds of AKI increased by 9% with each doubling of minutes spent under this threshold (p = 0.03). Time under the first SBP percentile was also associated with fewer AKI-free days (p = 0.02). Time spent under PALS targets was not associated with AKI. CONCLUSIONS: The duration of severe systolic hypotension in the first 48 h of pediatric sepsis management is associated with AKI incidence and duration when defined by age, sex, and height norms, but not by PALS definitions. Graphical abstract.
OBJECTIVE: To determine how hypotension in the first 48 h of sepsis management impacts acute kidney injury (AKI) development and persistence. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of patients > 1 month to < 20 years old with sepsis in a pediatric ICU between November 2012 and January 2015 (n = 217). All systolic blood pressure (SBP) data documented within 48 h after sepsis recognition were collected and converted to percentiles for age, sex, and height. Time below SBP percentiles and below pediatric advanced life support (PALS) targets was calculated by summing elapsed time under SBP thresholds during the first 48 h. The primary outcome was new or persistent AKI, defined as stage 2 or 3 AKI present between sepsis day 3-7 using Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes creatinine definitions. Secondary outcomes included AKI-free days (days alive and free of AKI) and time to kidney recovery. RESULTS: Fifty of 217 sepsis patients (23%) had new or persistent AKI. Patients with AKI spent a median of 35 min under the first SBP percentile, versus 4 min in those without AKI. After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds of AKI increased by 9% with each doubling of minutes spent under this threshold (p = 0.03). Time under the first SBP percentile was also associated with fewer AKI-free days (p = 0.02). Time spent under PALS targets was not associated with AKI. CONCLUSIONS: The duration of severe systolic hypotension in the first 48 h of pediatric sepsis management is associated with AKI incidence and duration when defined by age, sex, and height norms, but not by PALS definitions. Graphical abstract.
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