Elisa Conti1, Simona Andreoni1, Davide Tomaselli1, Benedetta Storti1,2, Francesco Brovelli1,2, Roberto Acampora1,2, Fulvio Da Re1,2, Ildebrando Appollonio1,2, Carlo Ferrarese1,2, Lucio Tremolizzo3,4. 1. School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Room 2043, Building U8, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy. 2. Neurology Unit, "San Gerardo" Hospital, Monza, Italy. 3. School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Room 2043, Building U8, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy. lucio.tremolizzo@unimib.it. 4. Neurology Unit, "San Gerardo" Hospital, Monza, Italy. lucio.tremolizzo@unimib.it.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients often express significant behavioral symptoms: for this reason, accessible related biomarkers could be very useful. Neuroinflammation is a key pathogenic process in both AD and delirium (DEL), a clinical condition with behavioral symptoms resembling those of AD. METHODS: A total of n = 30 AD patients were recruited together with n = 30 DEL patients and n = 15 healthy controls (CTRL). Serum diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI), IL-17, IL-6, and TNF-α were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS: DBI serum levels were increased in AD patients with respect to CTRL (+ 81%), while DEL values were 70% higher than AD. IL-17 was increased in DEL with respect to CTRL (+ 146%), while AD showed dispersed values and failed to reach significant differences. On the other hand, IL-6 showed a more robust increase in DEL with respect to the other two groups (+ 185% and + 205% vs. CTRL and AD, respectively), and TNF-α failed to show any change. CONCLUSIONS: DBI may be a very promising candidate for AD, perhaps marking psychomotor DEL-like symptoms, in view of developing future helping tool for practicing physicians. Furthermore, DBI rise in DEL offers novel cues for a better comprehension of the pathogenesis of this potentially fatal condition.
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients often express significant behavioral symptoms: for this reason, accessible related biomarkers could be very useful. Neuroinflammation is a key pathogenic process in both AD and delirium (DEL), a clinical condition with behavioral symptoms resembling those of AD. METHODS: A total of n = 30 AD patients were recruited together with n = 30 DEL patients and n = 15 healthy controls (CTRL). Serum diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI), IL-17, IL-6, and TNF-α were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS: DBI serum levels were increased in AD patients with respect to CTRL (+ 81%), while DEL values were 70% higher than AD. IL-17 was increased in DEL with respect to CTRL (+ 146%), while AD showed dispersed values and failed to reach significant differences. On the other hand, IL-6 showed a more robust increase in DEL with respect to the other two groups (+ 185% and + 205% vs. CTRL and AD, respectively), and TNF-α failed to show any change. CONCLUSIONS: DBI may be a very promising candidate for AD, perhaps marking psychomotor DEL-like symptoms, in view of developing future helping tool for practicing physicians. Furthermore, DBI rise in DEL offers novel cues for a better comprehension of the pathogenesis of this potentially fatal condition.
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