Diogo Lamela1, Cátia Soreira2, Paula Matos2, Ana Morais2. 1. Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab, Lusófona University of Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: lamela@ulp.pt. 2. Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab, Lusófona University of Porto, Portugal.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This research sought to review studies that examined the factor structure of the PHQ-9 using a confirmatory factor analysis approach (Study 1); to review studies that tested the measurement invariance of the PHQ-9 (Study 2); to examine the psychometric properties of the European Portuguese version in the general population (Study 3). METHODS: Using PRISMA guidelines, a search was performed on Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus from 2001 to August 2019. Assessment of eligibility criteria and data extraction were conducted by two independent researchers (Studies 1 and 2). In Study 3, data were collected from 1479 Portuguese adults, using a cross-sectional design. The BDI-II and the GDS-15 were administered to examine convergent validity. RESULTS: The systematic review identified four-factor models of the PHQ-9 (Study 1). Nineteen studies supported a one-factor model, whereas 12 found evidence for a two-factor model. Both models were supported in general, clinical, psychiatric, and international samples. Study 2 identified ten studies that examined PHQ-9 measurement invariance across 18 groups. The PHQ-9 measurement invariance was fully supported across studies. Study 3 revealed that a two-factor model showed a close fit to data in the European Portuguese version of the PHQ-9. Measurement invariance, reliability, and convergent and divergent validity were also established. LIMITATIONS: Study 3 did not include a gold standard measure of depression to evaluate PHQ-9 diagnostic properties. CONCLUSIONS: Conceptual implications of the findings are discussed, and recommendations for using the Portuguese version of the PHQ-9 as a screening measure in community settings are also highlighted.
BACKGROUND: This research sought to review studies that examined the factor structure of the PHQ-9 using a confirmatory factor analysis approach (Study 1); to review studies that tested the measurement invariance of the PHQ-9 (Study 2); to examine the psychometric properties of the European Portuguese version in the general population (Study 3). METHODS: Using PRISMA guidelines, a search was performed on Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus from 2001 to August 2019. Assessment of eligibility criteria and data extraction were conducted by two independent researchers (Studies 1 and 2). In Study 3, data were collected from 1479 Portuguese adults, using a cross-sectional design. The BDI-II and the GDS-15 were administered to examine convergent validity. RESULTS: The systematic review identified four-factor models of the PHQ-9 (Study 1). Nineteen studies supported a one-factor model, whereas 12 found evidence for a two-factor model. Both models were supported in general, clinical, psychiatric, and international samples. Study 2 identified ten studies that examined PHQ-9 measurement invariance across 18 groups. The PHQ-9 measurement invariance was fully supported across studies. Study 3 revealed that a two-factor model showed a close fit to data in the European Portuguese version of the PHQ-9. Measurement invariance, reliability, and convergent and divergent validity were also established. LIMITATIONS: Study 3 did not include a gold standard measure of depression to evaluate PHQ-9 diagnostic properties. CONCLUSIONS: Conceptual implications of the findings are discussed, and recommendations for using the Portuguese version of the PHQ-9 as a screening measure in community settings are also highlighted.
Authors: Elmar Brähler; Manfred E Beutel; Ana N Tibubos; Daniëlle Otten; Daniela Zöller; Harald Binder; Philipp S Wild; Toni Fleischer; Hamimatunnisa Johar; Seryan Atasoy; Lara Schulze; Karl-Heinz Ladwig; Georg Schomerus; Birgit Linkohr; Hans J Grabe; Johannes Kruse; Carsten-Oliver Schmidt; Thomas Münzel; Jochem König Journal: BMC Psychiatry Date: 2021-05-05 Impact factor: 3.630
Authors: Jeroen De Man; Pilvikki Absetz; Thirunavukkarasu Sathish; Allissa Desloge; Tilahun Haregu; Brian Oldenburg; Leslie C M Johnson; Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan; Emily D Williams Journal: Front Psychol Date: 2021-05-13