Cyrus Ayubcha1, Mona-Elisabeth Revheim2,3, Andrew Newberg4,5, Mateen Moghbel6, Chaitanya Rojulpote1, Thomas J Werner1, Abass Alavi7. 1. Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. 2. Division for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. 3. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 4. Department of Integrative Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, Marcus Institute of Integrative Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 5. Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 6. Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 7. Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. abass.alavi@uphs.upenn.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Positron emission tomography (PET) has been widely utilized in the study of traumatic brain injury (TBI) for decades. While most applications of PET have attempted to assess neuronal function after TBI, more recently, novel radiotracers have sought to image biomarkers in the context of TBI and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). METHODS: This review will begin with an overview of TBI and CTE along with the acute and chronic pathophysiological consequences of TBI. Next, glycolysis, beta-amyloid, and tau protein radiotracers will be critically assessed in light of the most recent imaging studies available. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the scientific relevance of such radiotracers to the molecular processes of TBI and CTE along with the broader evidence of radiotracer specificity and selectivity, this review will weigh the strengths and weaknesses of each radiotracer. Nonetheless, the evidence indicates that PET will continue to be a powerful modality in the diagnosis of TBI-related conditions.
PURPOSE: Positron emission tomography (PET) has been widely utilized in the study of traumatic brain injury (TBI) for decades. While most applications of PET have attempted to assess neuronal function after TBI, more recently, novel radiotracers have sought to image biomarkers in the context of TBI and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). METHODS: This review will begin with an overview of TBI and CTE along with the acute and chronic pathophysiological consequences of TBI. Next, glycolysis, beta-amyloid, and tau protein radiotracers will be critically assessed in light of the most recent imaging studies available. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the scientific relevance of such radiotracers to the molecular processes of TBI and CTE along with the broader evidence of radiotracer specificity and selectivity, this review will weigh the strengths and weaknesses of each radiotracer. Nonetheless, the evidence indicates that PET will continue to be a powerful modality in the diagnosis of TBI-related conditions.
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