Xue Li1,2, Rongli Lian3, Ye Zhu1,2, Jianting Ke1,2, Man Li2, Cheng Wang1,2, Tanqi Lou4. 1. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine. 2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging. 3. Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai. 4. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of masked morning hypertension and investigate its role in target organ damage in nondialysis patients with chronic kidney disease. METHODS: A total of 1841 patients with chronic kidney disease admitted to our hospital were recruited. According to measurements of clinic blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure, they were divided into four groups: normotension, white-coat hypertension, masked morning hypertension, and sustained hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between masked morning hypertension and cardiovascular and renal parameters. RESULTS: Overall, 288 (15.6%) patients were diagnosed with masked morning hypertension. Patients with masked morning hypertension had a higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy, abnormal carotid intima-media thickness, and impaired renal function when compared with normotensive patients, although lower than those with sustained hypertension. After adjustment for demographics and clinical characteristics, masked morning hypertension was related to cardiovascular damage and renal dysfunction compared with normotension. The odds ratio for left ventricular hypertrophy, abnormal carotid intima-media thickness and impaired renal function was 1.955 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.247-3.065], 1.469 (95% CI: 1.011-2.133), and 1.819 (95% CI: 1.112-2.976), respectively. Masked morning hypertension correlated with target organ damage even when patients with a history of cardiovascular disease were excluded. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of masked morning hypertension in nondialysis chronic kidney disease patients was high, and masked morning hypertension was associated with target organ damage in chronic kidney disease patients.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of masked morning hypertension and investigate its role in target organ damage in nondialysis patients with chronic kidney disease. METHODS: A total of 1841 patients with chronic kidney disease admitted to our hospital were recruited. According to measurements of clinic blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure, they were divided into four groups: normotension, white-coat hypertension, masked morning hypertension, and sustained hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between masked morning hypertension and cardiovascular and renal parameters. RESULTS: Overall, 288 (15.6%) patients were diagnosed with masked morning hypertension. Patients with masked morning hypertension had a higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy, abnormal carotid intima-media thickness, and impaired renal function when compared with normotensive patients, although lower than those with sustained hypertension. After adjustment for demographics and clinical characteristics, masked morning hypertension was related to cardiovascular damage and renal dysfunction compared with normotension. The odds ratio for left ventricular hypertrophy, abnormal carotid intima-media thickness and impaired renal function was 1.955 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.247-3.065], 1.469 (95% CI: 1.011-2.133), and 1.819 (95% CI: 1.112-2.976), respectively. Masked morning hypertension correlated with target organ damage even when patients with a history of cardiovascular disease were excluded. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of masked morning hypertension in nondialysis chronic kidney diseasepatients was high, and masked morning hypertension was associated with target organ damage in chronic kidney diseasepatients.