Solomon Ngutor Karshima1, Magdalene Nguvan Karshima2. 1. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Jos, PMB 2086, Jos, Nigeria. torkarshima@yahoo.co.uk. 2. Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Modibbo Adama, University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Cryptosporidium is implicated in diarrhea epidemics in many parts of the world and is said to be the most common protozoan cause of diarrhea among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) globally. To provide data on the burden of Cryptosporidium infections among Nigerians living with HIV/AIDS, we reported the prevalence, geographic distribution and Cryptosporidium species diversity among this population in Nigeria. METHODS: We used the PRISMA guidelines to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles published between January 1, 1995 and April 21, 2020. Pooled estimate (PE), heterogeneity, quality of each study and publication bias were determined using the random-effects model, Cochran's Q test, the 9 point Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument and the Egger's regression asymmetry test, respectively. RESULTS: Forty-six articles reported 2612 positive cases of Cryptosporidium infections from 12,756 PLWHA examined in 20 Nigerian States and the Federal Capital Territory. Overall pooled estimate was 14.5% (95% CI 10.4-19.9) with a range of 0.3% (95% CI 0.0-1.8) to 43.7% (95% CI 35.6-52.3) across sub-groups, with the PEs in relation to CD4+ T cell count, species and age showing significant variations at p < 0.05. Cryptosporidium hominis was the most prevalent (3.5%, 95% CI 2.3-5.2) of the six Cryptosporidium species reported in Nigeria. CONCLUSION: Cryptosporidium infections are moderately prevalent among PLWHA in Nigeria with the highest regional prevalence in the north-east. In addition to personal hygienic practices, the inclusion of Cryptosporidium screening as part of HIV/AIDS clinics in Nigeria will reduce the burden of the parasite among PLWHA in Nigeria.
PURPOSE:Cryptosporidium is implicated in diarrhea epidemics in many parts of the world and is said to be the most common protozoan cause of diarrhea among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) globally. To provide data on the burden of Cryptosporidium infections among Nigerians living with HIV/AIDS, we reported the prevalence, geographic distribution and Cryptosporidium species diversity among this population in Nigeria. METHODS: We used the PRISMA guidelines to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles published between January 1, 1995 and April 21, 2020. Pooled estimate (PE), heterogeneity, quality of each study and publication bias were determined using the random-effects model, Cochran's Q test, the 9 point Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument and the Egger's regression asymmetry test, respectively. RESULTS: Forty-six articles reported 2612 positive cases of Cryptosporidium infections from 12,756 PLWHA examined in 20 Nigerian States and the Federal Capital Territory. Overall pooled estimate was 14.5% (95% CI 10.4-19.9) with a range of 0.3% (95% CI 0.0-1.8) to 43.7% (95% CI 35.6-52.3) across sub-groups, with the PEs in relation to CD4+ T cell count, species and age showing significant variations at p < 0.05. Cryptosporidium hominis was the most prevalent (3.5%, 95% CI 2.3-5.2) of the six Cryptosporidium species reported in Nigeria. CONCLUSION:Cryptosporidium infections are moderately prevalent among PLWHA in Nigeria with the highest regional prevalence in the north-east. In addition to personal hygienic practices, the inclusion of Cryptosporidium screening as part of HIV/AIDS clinics in Nigeria will reduce the burden of the parasite among PLWHA in Nigeria.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cryptosporidium infections; Epidemiology; Geographic distribution; Nigeria; People living with HIV/AIDS; Species diversity
Authors: Cynthia L Chappell; Pablo C Okhuysen; Rebecca Langer-Curry; Giovanni Widmer; Donna E Akiyoshi; Sultan Tanriverdi; Saul Tzipori Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2006-11 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Karen L Kotloff; James P Nataro; William C Blackwelder; Dilruba Nasrin; Tamer H Farag; Sandra Panchalingam; Yukun Wu; Samba O Sow; Dipika Sur; Robert F Breiman; Abu Sg Faruque; Anita Km Zaidi; Debasish Saha; Pedro L Alonso; Boubou Tamboura; Doh Sanogo; Uma Onwuchekwa; Byomkesh Manna; Thandavarayan Ramamurthy; Suman Kanungo; John B Ochieng; Richard Omore; Joseph O Oundo; Anowar Hossain; Sumon K Das; Shahnawaz Ahmed; Shahida Qureshi; Farheen Quadri; Richard A Adegbola; Martin Antonio; M Jahangir Hossain; Adebayo Akinsola; Inacio Mandomando; Tacilta Nhampossa; Sozinho Acácio; Kousick Biswas; Ciara E O'Reilly; Eric D Mintz; Lynette Y Berkeley; Khitam Muhsen; Halvor Sommerfelt; Roy M Robins-Browne; Myron M Levine Journal: Lancet Date: 2013-05-14 Impact factor: 79.321