Nicole R Karcher1, Jason Schiffman2, Deanna M Barch3. 1. Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. Electronic address: nkarcher@wustl.edu. 2. University of Maryland, Baltimore County; University of California, Irvine. 3. Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Research implicates environmental risk factors, including correlates of urbanicity, deprivation, and environmental toxins, in psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). The current study examined associations between several types of environmental risk factors and PLEs in school-age children, whether these associations were specific to PLEs or generalized to other psychopathology, and examined possible neural mechanisms for significant associations. METHOD: The current study used cross-sectional data from 10,328 children 9-10 years old from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Hierarchical linear models examined associations between PLEs and geocoded environmental risk factors and whether associations generalized to internalizing/externalizing symptoms. Mediation models examined evidence of structural magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities (eg, intracranial volume) potentially mediating associations between PLEs and environmental risk factors. RESULTS: Specific types of environmental risk factors, namely, measures of urbanicity (eg, drug offense exposure, less perception of neighborhood safety), deprivation (eg, overall deprivation, poverty rate), and lead exposure risk, were associated with PLEs. These associations showed evidence of stronger associations with PLEs than internalizing/externalizing symptoms (especially overall deprivation, poverty, drug offense exposure, and lead exposure risk). There was evidence that brain volume mediated between 11% and 25% of associations of poverty, perception of neighborhood safety, and lead exposure risk with PLEs. CONCLUSION: Although in the context of cross-sectional analyses, this evidence is consistent with neural measures partially mediating the association between PLEs and environmental exposures. This study also replicated and extended recent findings of associations between PLEs and environmental exposures, finding evidence for specific associations with correlates of urbanicity, deprivation, and lead exposure risk.
OBJECTIVE: Research implicates environmental risk factors, including correlates of urbanicity, deprivation, and environmental toxins, in psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). The current study examined associations between several types of environmental risk factors and PLEs in school-age children, whether these associations were specific to PLEs or generalized to other psychopathology, and examined possible neural mechanisms for significant associations. METHOD: The current study used cross-sectional data from 10,328 children 9-10 years old from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Hierarchical linear models examined associations between PLEs and geocoded environmental risk factors and whether associations generalized to internalizing/externalizing symptoms. Mediation models examined evidence of structural magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities (eg, intracranial volume) potentially mediating associations between PLEs and environmental risk factors. RESULTS: Specific types of environmental risk factors, namely, measures of urbanicity (eg, drug offense exposure, less perception of neighborhood safety), deprivation (eg, overall deprivation, poverty rate), and lead exposure risk, were associated with PLEs. These associations showed evidence of stronger associations with PLEs than internalizing/externalizing symptoms (especially overall deprivation, poverty, drug offense exposure, and lead exposure risk). There was evidence that brain volume mediated between 11% and 25% of associations of poverty, perception of neighborhood safety, and lead exposure risk with PLEs. CONCLUSION: Although in the context of cross-sectional analyses, this evidence is consistent with neural measures partially mediating the association between PLEs and environmental exposures. This study also replicated and extended recent findings of associations between PLEs and environmental exposures, finding evidence for specific associations with correlates of urbanicity, deprivation, and lead exposure risk.
Authors: Rahul S Desikan; Florent Ségonne; Bruce Fischl; Brian T Quinn; Bradford C Dickerson; Deborah Blacker; Randy L Buckner; Anders M Dale; R Paul Maguire; Bradley T Hyman; Marilyn S Albert; Ronald J Killiany Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2006-03-10 Impact factor: 6.556
Authors: C W Holtzman; H D Trotman; S M Goulding; A T Ryan; A N Macdonald; D I Shapiro; J L Brasfield; E F Walker Journal: Neuroscience Date: 2013-01-05 Impact factor: 3.590
Authors: Joanne Newbury; Louise Arseneault; Avshalom Caspi; Terrie E Moffitt; Candice L Odgers; Helen L Fisher Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2016-05-06 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: Andrew T Marshall; Samantha Betts; Eric C Kan; Rob McConnell; Bruce P Lanphear; Elizabeth R Sowell Journal: Nat Med Date: 2020-01-13 Impact factor: 53.440
Authors: Mark Drakesmith; Anirban Dutt; Leon Fonville; Stanley Zammit; Abraham Reichenberg; C John Evans; Philip McGuire; Glyn Lewis; Derek K Jones; Anthony S David Journal: Neuroimage Clin Date: 2016-09-04 Impact factor: 4.881
Authors: Deanna M Barch; Matthew D Albaugh; Shelli Avenevoli; Linda Chang; Duncan B Clark; Meyer D Glantz; James J Hudziak; Terry L Jernigan; Susan F Tapert; Debbie Yurgelun-Todd; Nelly Alia-Klein; Alexandra S Potter; Martin P Paulus; Devin Prouty; Robert A Zucker; Kenneth J Sher Journal: Dev Cogn Neurosci Date: 2017-11-03 Impact factor: 6.464
Authors: Nicole R Karcher; Sarah E Paul; Emma C Johnson; Alexander S Hatoum; David A A Baranger; Arpana Agrawal; Wesley K Thompson; Deanna M Barch; Ryan Bogdan Journal: Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging Date: 2021-07-13