Anti-amyloidogenic effect of artemin on α-synuclein.

α-Synuclein fibrillation is now regarded as a major pathogenic process in Parkinson's disease and its proteinaceous deposits are also detected in other neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease. Therefore anti-amyloidegenic compounds may delay or prevent the progression of synucleinopathies disease. Molecular chaperones are group of proteins which mediate correct folding of proteins by preventing unsuitable interactions which may lead to aggregation. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-amyloidogenic effect of molecular chaperone artemin on α-synuclein. As the concentration of artemin was increased up to 4 μg/ml, a decrease in fibril formation of α-synuclein was observed using thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence and congo red (CR) assay. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images also demonstrated a reduction in fibrils in the presence of artemin. The secondary structure of α-synuclein was similar to its native form prior to fibrillation when incubated with artemin. A cell-based assay has shown that artemin inhibits α-synuclein aggregation and reduce cytotoxicity, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Our results revealed that artemin has efficient chaperon activity for preventing α-synuclein fibril formation and toxicity.