BACKGROUND: Many influenza studies assume that symptomatic and asymptomatic cases have equivalent antibody responses. METHODS: This study examines the relationship between influenza symptoms and serological response. Influenza-positive index cases and household members in Managua, Nicaragua, during 2012-2017 were categorized by symptom status. RESULTS: Antibody response was assessed using hemagglutination inhibition assays (HAI). Among 510 cases, 74.5% had ≥4-fold increase in HAI antibodies, and 75.3% had febrile illness. In a logistic regression model, febrile cases had 2.17 times higher odds of a ≥4-fold titer rise compared to asymptomatic cases (95% confidence interval, 1.02-4.64). CONCLUSIONS: Studies relying on serological assays may not generalize to asymptomatic infections.
BACKGROUND: Many influenza studies assume that symptomatic and asymptomatic cases have equivalent antibody responses. METHODS: This study examines the relationship between influenza symptoms and serological response. Influenza-positive index cases and household members in Managua, Nicaragua, during 2012-2017 were categorized by symptom status. RESULTS: Antibody response was assessed using hemagglutination inhibition assays (HAI). Among 510 cases, 74.5% had ≥4-fold increase in HAI antibodies, and 75.3% had febrile illness. In a logistic regression model, febrile cases had 2.17 times higher odds of a ≥4-fold titer rise compared to asymptomatic cases (95% confidence interval, 1.02-4.64). CONCLUSIONS: Studies relying on serological assays may not generalize to asymptomatic infections.
Authors: Kathleen M Neuzil; Yuwei Zhu; Marie R Griffin; Kathryn M Edwards; Juliette M Thompson; Sharon J Tollefson; Peter F Wright Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2001-12-17 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Dennis K M Ip; Lincoln L H Lau; Nancy H L Leung; Vicky J Fang; Kwok-Hung Chan; Daniel K W Chu; Gabriel M Leung; J S Malik Peiris; Timothy M Uyeki; Benjamin J Cowling Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2017-03-15 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: Gabriel M Leung; Joseph S M Peiris; Benjamin J Cowling; Kwok Hung Chan; Vicky J Fang; Lincoln L H Lau; Hau Chi So; Rita O P Fung; Edward S K Ma; Alfred S K Kwong; Chi-Wai Chan; Wendy W S Tsui; Ho-Yin Ngai; Daniel W S Chu; Paco W Y Lee; Ming-Chee Chiu Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2010-06-10 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Yongsheng Huang; Aimee K Zaas; Arvind Rao; Nicolas Dobigeon; Peter J Woolf; Timothy Veldman; N Christine Øien; Micah T McClain; Jay B Varkey; Bradley Nicholson; Lawrence Carin; Stephen Kingsmore; Christopher W Woods; Geoffrey S Ginsburg; Alfred O Hero Journal: PLoS Genet Date: 2011-08-25 Impact factor: 5.917
Authors: Steven Riley; Kin O Kwok; Kendra M Wu; Danny Y Ning; Benjamin J Cowling; Joseph T Wu; Lai-Ming Ho; Thomas Tsang; Su-Vui Lo; Daniel K W Chu; Edward S K Ma; J S Malik Peiris Journal: PLoS Med Date: 2011-06-21 Impact factor: 11.069
Authors: Maria Auladell; Hoang Vu Mai Phuong; Le Thi Quynh Mai; Yeu-Yang Tseng; Louise Carolan; Sam Wilks; Pham Quang Thai; David Price; Nguyen Thanh Duong; Nguyen Le Khang Hang; Le Thi Thanh; Nguyen Thi Hong Thuong; Tran Thi Kieu Huong; Nguyen Thi Ngoc Diep; Vu Thi Ngoc Bich; Arseniy Khvorov; Luca Hensen; Tran Nhu Duong; Katherine Kedzierska; Dang Duc Anh; Heiman Wertheim; Scott D Boyd; Kim L Good-Jacobson; Derek Smith; Ian Barr; Sheena Sullivan; H Rogier van Doorn; Annette Fox Journal: Nat Med Date: 2022-02-17 Impact factor: 87.241
Authors: Hannah E Maier; Guillermina Kuan; Saira Saborio; Fausto Andres Bustos Carrillo; Miguel Plazaola; Carlos Barilla; Nery Sanchez; Roger Lopez; Matt Smith; John Kubale; Sergio Ojeda; Julio C Zuniga-Moya; Bradley Carlson; Brenda Lopez; Anna M Gajewski; Mahboob Chowdhury; Eva Harris; Angel Balmaseda; Aubree Gordon Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2022-08-24 Impact factor: 20.999