Elastic properties of relaxed, activated, and rigor muscle fibers measured with microsecond resolution.

Tension responses due to small and rapid length changes (completed within 40 microseconds) were obtained from skinned single-fiber segments (4- to 7-mm length) of the iliofibularis muscle of the frog incubated in relaxing, rigor, and activating solution. The fibers were skinned by freeze-drying. The first 500 microseconds of the responses for all three conditions could be described with a linear model, in which the fiber is regarded as a rod composed of infinitesimally small identical segments, containing an undamped elastic element, two damped elastic elements and a mass in series. An additional damped elastic element was needed to describe tension responses of activated fibers up to the first 5 ms. Consequently phase 1 and phase 2 of activated fibers can be described with four apparent elastic constants and three time constants. The results indicate that fully activated fibers and fibers in rigor have similar elastic properties within the first 500 microseconds of tension responses. This points either to an equal number of attached cross-bridges in rigor and activated fibers or to a different number of attached cross-bridges in rigor and activated fibers and nonlinear characteristics in rigor cross-bridges. Mass-shift measurements obtained from equatorial x-ray diffraction patterns support the latter possibility.