A regulatory role of membrane by direct modulation of the catalytic kinase domain.

Cell membrane modulates the function and activity of specific proteins and acts more than just a non-specific scaffolding machinery. In this review, I focus on studies that highlight a direct membrane-mediated modulation of the catalytic kinase domain of a variety of kinases thereby regulating the kinase activity. It emerges that membrane provides a second level of regulation once kinase domain is relieved of its inactive auto-inhibitory state. For the first time a generalized regulatory role of membrane is proposed that governs the kinase activity by modulating the catalytic kinase domain. Striking similarities among a variety of multi-domain kinases as well as single-domain lipidated enzymes such as RAS proteins are presented.