Cathy S Cutler1, Elizabeth Bailey2, Vijay Kumar3, Sally W Schwarz4, Hee-Seung Bom5, Jun Hatazawa6, Diana Paez7, Pilar Orellana7, Lizette Louw8, Fernando Mut9, Hiroki Kato10, Arturo Chiti11, Savvas Frangos12, Frederic Fahey13, Gary Dillehay14, Seung J Oh15, Dong S Lee16, Sze-Ting Lee17, Rodolfo Nunez-Miller7,18, Guru Bandhopadhyaya19, Prasanta K Pradhan20, Andrew M Scott21. 1. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York. 2. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 3. Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Westmead Hospital and Children's Hospital at Westmead, and University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 4. Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri. 5. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanam, Korea. 6. Department of Quantum Cancer Therapy, Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. 7. Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria. 8. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. 9. Nuclear Medicine Service, Italian Hospital, Montevideo, Uruguay. 10. Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. 11. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Milan, Italy. 12. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Center, Nicosia, Cyprus. 13. Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. 14. Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. 15. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 16. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 17. Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health; University of Melbourne; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. 18. Excel Diagnostics and Nuclear Oncology Center, Houston, Texas. 19. Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India; and. 20. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Lucknow, India. 21. Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health; University of Melbourne; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia andrew.scott@austin.org.au.
Abstract
The Nuclear Medicine Global Initiative was formed in 2012 by 13 international organizations to promote human health by advancing the field of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging by supporting the practice and application of nuclear medicine. The first project focused on standardization of administered activities in pediatric nuclear medicine and resulted in 2 articles. For its second project the Nuclear Medicine Global Initiative chose to explore issues impacting on access and availability of radiopharmaceuticals around the world. Methods: Information was obtained by survey responses from 35 countries on available radioisotopes, radiopharmaceuticals, and kits for diagnostic and therapeutic use. Issues impacting on access and availability of radiopharmaceuticals in individual countries were also identified. Results: Detailed information on radiopharmaceuticals used in each country, and sources of supply, was evaluated. Responses highlighted problems in access, particularly due to the reliance on a sole provider, regulatory issues, and reimbursement, as well as issues of facilities and workforce, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Conclusion: Strategies to address access and availability of radiopharmaceuticals are outlined, to enable timely and equitable patient access to nuclear medicine procedures worldwide. In the face of disruptions to global supply chains by the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, renewed focus on ensuring a reliable supply of radiopharmaceuticals is a major priority for nuclear medicine practice globally.
The Nuclear Medicine Global Initiative was formed in 2012 by 13 international organizations to promote human health by advancing the field of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging by supporting the practice and application of nuclear medicine. The first project focused on standardization of administered activities in pediatric nuclear medicine and resulted in 2 articles. For its second project the Nuclear Medicine Global Initiative chose to explore issues impacting on access and availability of radiopharmaceuticals around the world. Methods: Information was obtained by survey responses from 35 countries on available radioisotopes, radiopharmaceuticals, and kits for diagnostic and therapeutic use. Issues impacting on access and availability of radiopharmaceuticals in individual countries were also identified. Results: Detailed information on radiopharmaceuticals used in each country, and sources of supply, was evaluated. Responses highlighted problems in access, particularly due to the reliance on a sole provider, regulatory issues, and reimbursement, as well as issues of facilities and workforce, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Conclusion: Strategies to address access and availability of radiopharmaceuticals are outlined, to enable timely and equitable patient access to nuclear medicine procedures worldwide. In the face of disruptions to global supply chains by the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, renewed focus on ensuring a reliable supply of radiopharmaceuticals is a major priority for nuclear medicine practice globally.
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