Biomimetic silicification of 3D polyamine-rich scaffolds assembled by direct ink writing.

We report a method for creating synthetic diatom frustules the biomimetic silicification of polyamine-rich scaffolds assembled by direct ink writing (DIW) [G. M. Gratson, M. Xu and J. A. Lewis, , 2004, , 386, ]. A concentrated polyamine-rich ink is robotically deposited in a complex 3D pattern that mimics the shape of naturally occurring diatom frustules, Ehrenberg (triangular-shaped) and (web-shaped). Upon exposing these scaffolds to silicic acid under ambient conditions, silica formation occurs in a shape-preserving fashion. Our method yields 3D inorganic-organic hybrids structures that may find potential application as templates for photonic materials, novel membranes, or catalyst supports.