Mohamed Moctar Mouliom Mouiche1, Frédéric Moffo2, Jean Daniel Betsama Betsama3, Nabilah Pemi Mapiefou3, Cleophas Kahtita Mbah3, Serge Eugene Mpouam3, Rose Eliane Penda4, Serge Alain Ciewe Ciake4, Jean Marc Kameni Feussom5, Zephyrin Fotso Kamnga4, Julius Awah-Ndukum6. 1. Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Yaounde, Cameroon. Electronic address: mouichemoctar4@gmail.com. 2. Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Yaounde, Cameroon; Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Health, Department of Zootechnics, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon. 3. Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Yaounde, Cameroon. 4. Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA), Yaounde, Cameroon. 5. Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA), Yaounde, Cameroon; Epidemiology-Public Health-Veterinary Association (ESPV), Yaounde, Cameroon. 6. Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Yaounde, Cameroon; Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Health, Department of Zootechnics, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon; College of Technology, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Antimicrobial consumption surveillance is a useful tool for planning antimicrobial resistance control strategies and risk analysis. The present study was carried out to evaluate the consumption trends of antimicrobials for veterinary use in food-producing animals in Cameroon from 2014 to 2019. METHODS: Data on quantities of classes of active substances were collected from the records of the technical authorization to import veterinary drugs of suppliers' invoices at the Ministry of Livestock (MINEPIA); animal population data were collected from the FAO-Stat database. RESULTS: The study revealed that 217.67tonnes of antimicrobials (by weight of active substance) were imported during the 6-year period, with an average of 36.28±10.11tonnes per year. Tetracyclines (31.71%), sulfonamides (23.84%), quinolones (11.11%) and β-lactams (10.17%) were the most commonly imported classes of antimicrobials. With regard to the importance of veterinary antimicrobials to human medicine, critically important antimicrobial (34.3%), reserve (4.6%) and watch (25.5%) groups as classified by the WHO AWaRe categorization were recorded. Overall, a mean of 5.24±1.40mg/PCU (population correction unit) was used in all food-producing animals during the 6-year period. However, the mean quantity of antimicrobials adjusted by animal biomass was highest in poultry (213.32±50.26mg/kg), followed by pigs (63.04±18.87mg/kg), cattle (4.11±2.20mg/kg), sheep (0.83±0.43mg/kg) and goats (0.47±0.24mg/kg). CONCLUSION: Strict surveillance systems of antimicrobial consumption in the country are vital to optimize control strategies. Monitoring importation data of veterinary antimicrobial products could be useful for sub-Saharan African countries to quantify consumption and estimate trends for antimicrobial usage effectively.
OBJECTIVE: Antimicrobial consumption surveillance is a useful tool for planning antimicrobial resistance control strategies and risk analysis. The present study was carried out to evaluate the consumption trends of antimicrobials for veterinary use in food-producing animals in Cameroon from 2014 to 2019. METHODS: Data on quantities of classes of active substances were collected from the records of the technical authorization to import veterinary drugs of suppliers' invoices at the Ministry of Livestock (MINEPIA); animal population data were collected from the FAO-Stat database. RESULTS: The study revealed that 217.67tonnes of antimicrobials (by weight of active substance) were imported during the 6-year period, with an average of 36.28±10.11tonnes per year. Tetracyclines (31.71%), sulfonamides (23.84%), quinolones (11.11%) and β-lactams (10.17%) were the most commonly imported classes of antimicrobials. With regard to the importance of veterinary antimicrobials to human medicine, critically important antimicrobial (34.3%), reserve (4.6%) and watch (25.5%) groups as classified by the WHO AWaRe categorization were recorded. Overall, a mean of 5.24±1.40mg/PCU (population correction unit) was used in all food-producing animals during the 6-year period. However, the mean quantity of antimicrobials adjusted by animal biomass was highest in poultry (213.32±50.26mg/kg), followed by pigs (63.04±18.87mg/kg), cattle (4.11±2.20mg/kg), sheep (0.83±0.43mg/kg) and goats (0.47±0.24mg/kg). CONCLUSION: Strict surveillance systems of antimicrobial consumption in the country are vital to optimize control strategies. Monitoring importation data of veterinary antimicrobial products could be useful for sub-Saharan African countries to quantify consumption and estimate trends for antimicrobial usage effectively.
Authors: Shawn Ting; Abrao Pereira; Amalia de Jesus Alves; Salvador Fernandes; Cristina da Costa Soares; Felix Joanico Soares; Onofre da Costa Henrique; Steven Davis; Jennifer Yan; Joshua R Francis; Tamsin S Barnes; Joanita Bendita da Costa Jong Journal: Antibiotics (Basel) Date: 2021-04-12
Authors: Mohamed Moctar Mouliom Mouiche; Frank Dupleix Khalen Wouembe; Serge Eugene Mpouam; Frédéric Moffo; Michael Djuntu; Claude Michel Wombou Toukam; Jean Marc Feussom Kameni; Ndode Herman Okah-Nnane; Julius Awah-Ndukum Journal: Front Vet Sci Date: 2022-04-18