Philip Hyland1,2, Frédérique Vallières3, Marylène Cloitre4,5, Menachem Ben-Ezra6, Thanos Karatzias7,8, Miranda Olff9,10, Jamie Murphy11, Mark Shevlin11. 1. Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland. Philip.hyland@mu.ie. 2. Trinity College, Trinity Centre for Global Health, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Philip.hyland@mu.ie. 3. Trinity College, Trinity Centre for Global Health, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. 4. National Center for PTSD Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA. 5. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. 6. School of Social Work, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel. 7. School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK. 8. NHS Lothian, Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, Edinburgh, UK. 9. Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 10. Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Diemen, The Netherlands. 11. School of Psychology, Ulster University, Derry, Northern Ireland, UK.
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study represents the first assessment of the prevalence of trauma exposure, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (CPTSD), ever conducted in the general population of the Republic of Ireland. Additionally, prevalence of past-year mental health service use, comorbidity with major depression and generalized anxiety, and risk factors associated with PTSD and CPTSD were assessed. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized Irish adults (N = 1020) completed self-report measures of trauma history, trauma-related psychopathology, mental health service use, and concurrent mental health problems. RESULTS: Lifetime exposure to one or more traumatic events was 82.3%, and 67.8% reported experiencing two or more traumatic events. Males and females significantly differed in their frequency of exposure to eight of 16 traumatic events. The past-month prevalence for PTSD was 5.0% (95% CI 3.7%, 6.3%) and 7.7% (95% CI 6.1%, 9.4%) for CPTSD. Of those who screened positive for PTSD or CPTSD, 48.6% accessed mental health care in the past year. Comorbidity with major depression and generalized anxiety was high, especially among those with CPTSD. Several unique and shared risk factors for PTSD and CPTSD were identified. CONCLUSION: Approximately one-in-eight Irish adults met diagnostic requirements for PTSD or CPTSD, and comorbidity with other disorders was high. History of interpersonal trauma and exposure to multiple types of trauma in different developmental periods were associated with CPTSD. Many individuals did not access mental health care revealing a substantial mental health treatment gap.
PURPOSE: This study represents the first assessment of the prevalence of trauma exposure, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (CPTSD), ever conducted in the general population of the Republic of Ireland. Additionally, prevalence of past-year mental health service use, comorbidity with major depression and generalized anxiety, and risk factors associated with PTSD and CPTSD were assessed. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized Irish adults (N = 1020) completed self-report measures of trauma history, trauma-related psychopathology, mental health service use, and concurrent mental health problems. RESULTS: Lifetime exposure to one or more traumatic events was 82.3%, and 67.8% reported experiencing two or more traumatic events. Males and females significantly differed in their frequency of exposure to eight of 16 traumatic events. The past-month prevalence for PTSD was 5.0% (95% CI 3.7%, 6.3%) and 7.7% (95% CI 6.1%, 9.4%) for CPTSD. Of those who screened positive for PTSD or CPTSD, 48.6% accessed mental health care in the past year. Comorbidity with major depression and generalized anxiety was high, especially among those with CPTSD. Several unique and shared risk factors for PTSD and CPTSD were identified. CONCLUSION: Approximately one-in-eight Irish adults met diagnostic requirements for PTSD or CPTSD, and comorbidity with other disorders was high. History of interpersonal trauma and exposure to multiple types of trauma in different developmental periods were associated with CPTSD. Many individuals did not access mental health care revealing a substantial mental health treatment gap.
Authors: Marylène Cloitre; Philip Hyland; Jonathan I Bisson; Chris R Brewin; Neil P Roberts; Thanos Karatzias; Mark Shevlin Journal: J Trauma Stress Date: 2019-12-04
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Authors: Ronald C Kessler; Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola; Jordi Alonso; Corina Benjet; Evelyn J Bromet; Graça Cardoso; Louisa Degenhardt; Giovanni de Girolamo; Rumyana V Dinolova; Finola Ferry; Silvia Florescu; Oye Gureje; Josep Maria Haro; Yueqin Huang; Elie G Karam; Norito Kawakami; Sing Lee; Jean-Pierre Lepine; Daphna Levinson; Fernando Navarro-Mateu; Beth-Ellen Pennell; Marina Piazza; José Posada-Villa; Kate M Scott; Dan J Stein; Margreet Ten Have; Yolanda Torres; Maria Carmen Viana; Maria V Petukhova; Nancy A Sampson; Alan M Zaslavsky; Karestan C Koenen Journal: Eur J Psychotraumatol Date: 2017-10-27
Authors: Philip Hyland; Frédérique Vallières; Mark Shevlin; Richard P Bentall; Sarah Butter; Todd K Hartman; Thanos Karatzias; Anton P Martinez; Orla McBride; Jamie Murphy; Robert Fox Journal: Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci Date: 2022-07-01 Impact factor: 7.818
Authors: Jamie Murphy; Frédérique Vallières; Richard P Bentall; Mark Shevlin; Orla McBride; Todd K Hartman; Ryan McKay; Kate Bennett; Liam Mason; Jilly Gibson-Miller; Liat Levita; Anton P Martinez; Thomas V A Stocks; Thanos Karatzias; Philip Hyland Journal: Nat Commun Date: 2021-01-04 Impact factor: 14.919
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