Effect of combination antiretroviral therapy on the clinical manifestations, radiological characteristics, and disease severity of HIV-associated Talaromyces marneffei infection.

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has an effect on the clinical manifestations, radiological characteristics, and disease severity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Talaromyces marneffei infection. The clinical manifestations, chest computed tomography (CT) images, and disease severity were compared between 14 patients with culture-confirmed T. marneffei infections who received cART and 38 patients who did not receive cART. Clinical manifestations included high fever (>38°C), cough, shortness of breath, chills, and skin rash. Chest CT scans were evaluated for the presence of ground-glass opacities, consolidation, miliary nodules, nodules, masses, cavitation, pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, mediastinal lymphadenitis, and the distribution of parenchymal abnormalities. Disease severity was estimated by clinical manifestations and chest CT findings. Fever (>38°C), cough, shortness of breath, and chills were significantly less frequent in patients who received cART than in those who did not receive cART (P < 0.05). The frequencies of miliary nodules, mediastinal lymphadenitis, and the proportion of diffuse lesions were significantly lower in patients who received cART than in those who did not receive cART (P < 0.05). The disease severity was significantly decreased in patients who received cART compared with patients who did not receive cART (P < 0.001). T. marneffei-infected patients who received cART had fewer clinical manifestations and decreased disease severity compared with those who did not receive this treatment. The use of cART is associated with modified chest CT characteristics in HIV-associated T. marneffei infections.