BACKGROUND: The evidence that pan-Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL-specific inhibitors prematurely kill virus-infected or RNA/DNA-transfected cells provides rationale for investigating these apoptotic inducers further. We hypothesized that not only invasive RNA or DNA (biological factors) but also DNA/RNA-damaging chemical or physical factors could trigger apoptosis that have been sensitized with pan-Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL-specific agents; Methods: We tested chemical and physical factors plus Bcl-xL-specific inhibitor A-1155463 in cells of various origins and the small roundworms (C. elegans); Results: We show that combination of a A-1155463 along with a DNA-damaging agent, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), prematurely kills cells of various origins as well as C. elegans. The synergistic effect is p53-dependent and associated with the release of Bad and Bax from Bcl-xL, which trigger mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Furthermore, we found that combining Bcl-xL-specific inhibitors with various chemical compounds or physical insults also induced cell death; Conclusions: Thus, we were able to identify several biological, chemical and physical triggers of the evolutionarily conserved Bcl-xL-mediated apoptotic pathway, shedding light on strategies and targets for novel drug development.
BACKGROUND: The evidence that pan-Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL-specific inhibitors prematurely kill virus-infected or RNA/DNA-transfected cells provides rationale for investigating these apoptotic inducers further. We hypothesized that not only invasive RNA or DNA (biological factors) but also DNA/RNA-damaging chemical or physical factors could trigger apoptosis that have been sensitized with pan-Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL-specific agents; Methods: We tested chemical and physical factors plus Bcl-xL-specific inhibitor A-1155463 in cells of various origins and the small roundworms (C. elegans); Results: We show that combination of a A-1155463 along with a DNA-damaging agent, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), prematurely kills cells of various origins as well as C. elegans. The synergistic effect is p53-dependent and associated with the release of Bad and Bax from Bcl-xL, which trigger mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Furthermore, we found that combining Bcl-xL-specific inhibitors with various chemical compounds or physical insults also induced cell death; Conclusions: Thus, we were able to identify several biological, chemical and physical triggers of the evolutionarily conserved Bcl-xL-mediated apoptotic pathway, shedding light on strategies and targets for novel drug development.
Authors: Aleksandr Ianevski; Rouan Yao; Eva Zusinaite; Laura Sandra Lello; Sainan Wang; Eunji Jo; Jaewon Yang; Erlend Ravlo; Wei Wang; Hilde Lysvand; Kirsti Løseth; Valentyn Oksenych; Tanel Tenson; Marc P Windisch; Minna M Poranen; Anni I Nieminen; Svein Arne Nordbø; Mona Høysæter Fenstad; Gunnveig Grødeland; Pål Aukrust; Marius Trøseid; Anu Kantele; Eglė Lastauskienė; Astra Vitkauskienė; Nicolas Legrand; Andres Merits; Magnar Bjørås; Denis E Kainov Journal: Viruses Date: 2021-12-11 Impact factor: 5.048
Authors: Aleksandr Ianevski; Rouan Yao; Ronja M Simonsen; Vegard Myhre; Erlend Ravlo; Gerda D Kaynova; Eva Zusinaite; Judith M White; Stephen J Polyak; Valentyn Oksenych; Marc P Windisch; Qiuwei Pan; Eglė Lastauskienė; Astra Vitkauskienė; Algimantas Matukevičius; Tanel Tenson; Magnar Bjørås; Denis E Kainov Journal: iScience Date: 2022-03-17