Jiaqi Yang1, Mathias Monnot1, Lionel Ercolei2, Philippe Moulin1. 1. Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres, Equipe Procédés Membranaire (EPM-M2P2-CNRS-UMR 7340), Aix-Marseille Univ., Europôle de l'Arbois, BP 80, Bat. Laennec, Hall C, CEDEX 04, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France. 2. Société des Eaux de Marseille Métropole, 25 Rue Edouard Delanglade, CEDEX 06, B.P. 29-13006 Marseille, France.
Abstract
Wastewater reuse as a sustainable, reliable and energy recovery concept is a promising approach to alleviate worldwide water scarcity. However, the water reuse market needs to be developed with long-term efforts because only less than 4% of the total wastewater worldwide has been treated for water reuse at present. In addition, the reclaimed water should fulfill the criteria of health safety, appearance, environmental acceptance and economic feasibility based on their local water reuse guidelines. Moreover, municipal wastewater as an alternative water resource for non-potable or potable reuse, has been widely treated by various membrane-based treatment processes for reuse applications. By collecting lab-scale and pilot-scale reuse cases as much as possible, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the membrane-based treatment processes, mainly focused on the hydraulic filtration performance, contaminants removal capacity, reuse purpose, fouling resistance potential, resource recovery and energy consumption. The advances and limitations of different membrane-based processes alone or coupled with other possible processes such as disinfection processes and advanced oxidation processes, are also highlighted. Challenges still facing membrane-based technologies for water reuse applications, including institutional barriers, financial allocation and public perception, are stated as areas in need of further research and development.
Wastelass="Chemical">water reuse as a sustailass="Chemical">nable, reliable alass="Chemical">nd elass="Chemical">nergy recovery colass="Chemical">ncept is a plass="Chemical">n class="Chemical">romising approach to alleviate worldwide water scarcity. However, the water reuse market needs to be developed with long-term efforts because only less than 4% of the total wastewater worldwide has been treated for water reuse at present. In addition, the reclaimed water should fulfill the criteria of health safety, appearance, environmental acceptance and economic feasibility based on their local water reuse guidelines. Moreover, municipal wastewater as an alternative water resource for non-potable or potable reuse, has been widely treated by various membrane-based treatment processes for reuse applications. By collecting lab-scale and pilot-scale reuse cases as much as possible, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the membrane-based treatment processes, mainly focused on the hydraulic filtration performance, contaminants removal capacity, reuse purpose, fouling resistance potential, resource recovery and energy consumption. The advances and limitations of different membrane-based processes alone or coupled with other possible processes such as disinfection processes and advanced oxidation processes, are also highlighted. Challenges still facing membrane-based technologies for water reuse applications, including institutional barriers, financial allocation and public perception, are stated as areas in need of further research and development.
Entities:
Keywords:
disinfection efficiency; fouling; membrane processes; municipal wastewater reuse; water recovery