Di Cao1,2,3, Ningdong Kang4, Jay J Pillai4,5, Xinyuan Miao1,2, Adrian Paez1, Xiang Xu1,2, Jiadi Xu1,2, Xu Li1,2, Qin Qin1,2, Peter C M Van Zijl1,2, Peter Barker4, Jun Hua1,2. 1. F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 2. Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 4. Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 5. Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is closely associated with many aspects of brain physiology. When gadolinium(Gd)-based contrast is administered intravenously, pre- and post-contrast MR signal changes can often be observed in the CSF at certain locations within the intra-cranial space, mainly due to the lack of a blood-brain barrier in the dural blood vessels. This study aims to develop and systemically optimize MRI sequences that can detect dynamic signal changes in the CSF after Gd administration with a sub-millimeter spatial resolution, a temporal resolution of <10 s, and whole brain coverage. METHODS: Bloch simulations were performed to determine optimal imaging parameters for maximum CSF contrast before and after Gd injection. Simulations were validated with phantom scans. An optimized turbo-spin-echo (TSE) sequence was performed on healthy volunteers on 3T and 7T. RESULTS: Simulation results agreed well with phantom scans. In human scans, dynamic signal changes after Gd injection in the CSF were detected at several locations where cerebral lymphatic vessels were identified in previous studies. The concentration of Gd in CSF in these regions was estimated to be approximately 0.2 mmol/L. CONCLUSION: Dynamic signal changes induced by the distribution of Gd in the CSF can be detected in healthy human subjects with an optimized TSE sequence. The proposed methodology does not rely on any particular theory on CSF circulation. We expect it to be useful for studies on CSF circulation and cerebral lymphatic vessels in the brain.
PURPOSE: The circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is closely associated with many aspects of brain physiology. When gadolinium(Gd)-based contrast is administered intravenously, pre- and post-contrast MR signal changes can often be observed in the CSF at certain locations within the intra-cranial space, mainly due to the lack of a blood-brain barrier in the dural blood vessels. This study aims to develop and systemically optimize MRI sequences that can detect dynamic signal changes in the CSF after Gd administration with a sub-millimeter spatial resolution, a temporal resolution of <10 s, and whole brain coverage. METHODS: Bloch simulations were performed to determine optimal imaging parameters for maximum CSF contrast before and after Gd injection. Simulations were validated with phantom scans. An optimized turbo-spin-echo (TSE) sequence was performed on healthy volunteers on 3T and 7T. RESULTS: Simulation results agreed well with phantom scans. In human scans, dynamic signal changes after Gd injection in the CSF were detected at several locations where cerebral lymphatic vessels were identified in previous studies. The concentration of Gd in CSF in these regions was estimated to be approximately 0.2 mmol/L. CONCLUSION: Dynamic signal changes induced by the distribution of Gd in the CSF can be detected in healthy human subjects with an optimized TSE sequence. The proposed methodology does not rely on any particular theory on CSF circulation. We expect it to be useful for studies on CSF circulation and cerebral lymphatic vessels in the brain.
Authors: Per Kristian Eide; Aslan Lashkarivand; Åsmund Aleksander Hagen-Kersten; Øivind Gjertsen; Bård Nedregaard; Ruth Sletteberg; Grethe Løvland; Svein Are Sirirud Vatnehol; Are Hugo Pripp; Lars Magnus Valnes; Geir Ringstad Journal: Front Neurol Date: 2022-04-06 Impact factor: 4.086
Authors: Mehmet Sait Albayram; Garrett Smith; Fatih Tufan; Ibrahim Sacit Tuna; Mehmet Bostancıklıoğlu; Michael Zile; Onder Albayram Journal: Nat Commun Date: 2022-01-11 Impact factor: 14.919