Biological investigations on therapeutic effect of chitosan encapsulated nano resveratrol against gestational diabetes mellitus rats induced by streptozotocin.

The chitosan encapsulation with bioactive compounds (resveratrol) is a significant method that can be used to raise the stability and effectiveness of substances in gestational diabetes management. In this study, the resveratrol-zinc oxide complex is encapsulated with chitosan (CS-ZnO-RS). The synthesized CS-ZnO-RS could be used to deliver the resveratrol with minimized side effects and also improved bioavailability. CS-ZnO-RS were characterized by various techniques such as particle size analyzer, DSC, FT-IR, TEM, SEM, and AFM. The electron microscopic and particle analyzer confirmed that the synthesized CS-ZnO-RS were monodispersed, spherical and its average size was 38 nm. The drug-releasing profile showed that 95% of RS is released from CS-ZnO-RS within 24 h. In vitro studies confirmed that α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities were closely related to the concentration of CS-ZnO-RS. The highest inhibition of α-glucosidase (77.32%) and α-amylase (78.4%) was observed at 500 μg/mL. Furthermore, the treatment of CS-ZnO-RS significantly decreased the blood glucose levels in gestational diabetes mellitus induced rats and maintained the lipid content toward the normal rats. In addition, the CS-ZnO-RS reduced the level of inflammation factors (IL-6 and MCP-1) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (GRP78, p-IRE1α, p-eIF2α, and p-PERK).